Monday, September 30, 2019

Blackrock Difference Essay Essay

The expectations, standards and treatment an individual receives are affected by their differences. The play ‘Blackrock’ composed by Nick Enright thoroughly explores the impact that difference of gender has on individuals and groups. The composer examines the common social ideas of gender and the differences in expectations, standards and treatment of males and females by creating a focus on the reaction by people to the rape and murder of the young girl. This is similar to the cartoon on homosexuality composed by Ficher. Ficher also examines the common social ideas differences in expectations by creating a focus on the response by people towards homosexuals being open about their sexuality in society. Both texts explore the way society views a person’s difference. The expectations, standard and treatment an individual receives are affected by their differences. The play â€Å"Blackrock† demonstrates how an individual’s gender forms the expectations others have on them. The typical expectation of girls is that they should be subservient and be used as an object. Cherie is an example of the rejection of these expectations. The behaviour Cherie portrays is different from other girls in the play as she interacts regularly with her female friends and portrays no interest in sexual behaviour. Cherie represents dignity and independence. As a result, she is exposed to isolation and abuse by others. This is demonstrated in the scene where Cherie protects Tracy’s reputation by saying to the boys â€Å"She was beautiful, you dickheads†. She is ridiculed by Scott, who in reply utilises slang in saying â€Å"Couple of lezzos are you? . The use of slang in â€Å"lezzos† reveals the aggressive response towards Cherie for protecting the reputation of the girl as well as abuse and isolation towards any person who breaks the conventional gender roles. The use of the word â€Å"lezzos† is a pejorative term used to ridicule females who have an interest in the same gender. In Cherie’s case, she is protecting a female and she is berated and ridiculed by Scott for protecting a female friend. The statement also reveals how Cherie is expected to be submissive to the boys. In Cherie’s circumstance, gender forms the expectations others have of her, and in breaching them she suffers isolation and abuse. In Enright’s â€Å"Blackrock† it is clear that an individual’s gender can form the way an individual is treated. In the play, gender connects the boys together and a mutual trust is formed. This mutual trust creates the belief that mates should protect and treat each other with respect. This however is different for the females. The boys portray a general disrespect towards the females in the play. They sexualise them and expect them to ‘give into’ there sexualisation. Once the female rejects to be submissive to their sexualisation, they are abused and isolated. This is portrayed through Scott who utilises dialogue in saying â€Å"you just pashed me off you slag†. The use of the word â€Å"slag† demonstrates the aggressive response Scott upholds towards females who refuse to be submissive. This statement also reveals the mistreatment females suffer as the word â€Å"slag† is used as an insulting term to describe females who engage in sex and in promiscuous behaviour. The males criticize the ones who reject their sexualisation as well. This is portrayed in the statement by Scott â€Å"I know enough†¦to show you a good time† . The slang in this statement suggests how forceful and berating Scott is towards females who reject to be submissive to his sexualisation. This demonstrates how despite the continuous rejection, Scott will continue to enforce his male dominance and mistreat the females. This mistreatment is continually related to gender and is evident throughout the play. Enright portrays the way difference determines how a person is treated. The cartoon composed by Ficher shows how an individual’s sexual status forms the expectations others have on them. The cartoon composed by Ficher demonstrates the difficulty faced by homosexuals who are trying to be open up about their sexuality. Society’s response to such beliefs and opinions are forceful and violent as they immediately reject and refuse to accept them. The composer utilizes symbolism to demonstrate the expectations formed by difference. The two figures on the left symbolise two major, powerful groups in society – law and religion. These figures represent society as a whole. The two figures on the right symbolise the homosexuals, the different group in society. The two powerful groups are forcefully sending the two homosexuals back to the ‘metaphorical closet’ as the closet is used as a symbol to represent a person being open up about their sexuality. The expectation’s formed by society to the homosexuals is that they should not be open about their sexuality and that they should keep their sexuality hidden from society. Fischer makes it portray the way difference decides how society forms expectations people have on them. The expectations formed on the two homosexuals are similar to the expectations formed on Cherrie in the play. The two homosexuals are expected and forced to keep quiet about their sexuality. They are also expected to be submissive to society. Similarly, Cherrie is expected and forced to be submissive to the boys. Both characters represent society’s mistreatment of people who are different. This portrays how the expectations and treatment an individual receives are affected by their differences. In â€Å"Blackrock†, the view of what is acceptable behaviour for each gender is demonstrated throughout the entire play. A double-standard is strongly reflected through the characters gender difference. In the play, allowing males to have sexual intercourse with females whenever possible is acceptable. Ricko demonstrates this at the party by utilising dialogue in saying â€Å"the mobs hot†¦go for it†. The use of dialogue reveals the peer-pressure encouragement element in the statement. The statement also reveals how they encourage each other and try to pick up different girls in different settings such as the party. This also portrays how openly sexual males are accepted and their behaviour and attitudes are encouraged. In contrast, openly sexual girls are disrespected, abused and labelled as ‘slag’ and ‘slut;.. This is portrayed by Scott, who utilises slang in saying â€Å"She’s been through Ricko already. Now its Gary. Now she’s a fucken band moll†. This reveals how girls who are openly sexual are disrespected and verbally abused. This shows Scott’s aggressive response towards females who are openly sexual. The word â€Å"moll† is an insulting term used to describe woman with openly sexual morals and is used to describe females in the play. This statement also reveals the non-acceptant views on females with openly sexual morals. These statements both portray a clear double-standard as the males in the play are allowed to be openly and freely sexual where the females are berated and abused if they are openly sexual. Enright portrays how gender difference reflects a double standard through showing what acceptable and non-acceptable behaviour for each gender is. In conclusion, expectations, standards and treatment an individual receives are affected by their differences. The play ‘Blackrock’ composed by Nick Enright explores the impact that difference of gender has on individuals and groups. Enright examines this through the common social ideas of gender and the differences in expectations, standards and treatment of males and females by creating a focus on the reaction by people to the rape and murder of the young girl. This is similar to the cartoon on homosexuality composed by Ficher. Ficher also examines the common social ideas differences in expectations by creating a focus on the response by people towards homosexuals being open about their sexuality in society. The expectations, standards and treatment an individual receives are affected by their differences.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

An Omnipotent Government: Utopia or Dystopia Essay

â€Å"Utopia: an idealized place of perfection or a visionary scheme for a perfect society† (Agnes). However, what if the ideals of utopia result in the seeds of dystopia? What if a government that is able to rule a perfect society, oversteps its bounds and causes destruction of freedom? In the dystopian novels 1984, A Brave New World, and The Giver, the government controls every thought, every fear, every story, and every emotion. These novels warn of the threat of a government that becomes too involved in its citizens’ lives. When citizens allow themselves to be uncaring and uninformed about their government, the ultimate price is freedom and liberty. These novels show that freedom is much to high a cost; momentary contentment should never come at the expense of liberty. Adolf Hitler once said, â€Å"If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed† (Huxley). Propaganda is a very powerful tool that can be used for good or evil. In 1984 the Party’s slogan, â€Å"WAR IS PEACE. FREEDOM IS SLAVERY. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH,† convinces its citizens that they want what the government has given them: war, slavery, and ignorance (Orwell). They do not want freedom because it is slavery. They are made to believe that peace and serenity come only during war. They are uninformed about their world, and this gives them strength. This type of government propaganda controls what citizens think by controlling what is heard on the radio, the television, the newspaper, and all other forms of media. In A Brave New World, propaganda is not only forced on citizens through media, but also during sleep. At the time Huxley wrote his novel, a new technique of â€Å"sleep learning† had become popular. The technique hypnopaedia was an interesting concept but actually caused negative behavior. Huxley used this in his novel as a form of government brainwashing. In A Brave New World, those in power used â€Å"sleep lea rning† to instill their beliefs in the citizenry of London (Clareson). This â€Å"sleep learning† is a type of non-rational propaganda. Huxley compares the two kinds of propaganda, rational and non-rational. Rational propaganda appeals to a person’s own best interest. Rational propaganda can only be used in a society where people have reason and morals. They could use the propaganda to rationalize what is in their best interest. Nevertheless in a society without reason or morals, what kind of propaganda is effective? Non-rational propaganda appeals not to any person’s best interest, but to their emotions. â€Å"The power to respond to reason and truth exist in all of us. On the other hand, unfortunately, does the tendency to respond to unreason and falsehood—particularly in cases where the falsehood evokes some enjoyable emotion† (Huxley 265). Huxley applies Hitler’s rule that the behavior of the masses is not determined by knowledge, but by feelings and innate drives. The propaganda in A Brave New World appeals to passion instead of reason (Clareson). Punishment is a powerful method of controlling any person. The fear of something that causes pain or unhappiness is usually an effective way to keep a person from rebelling. In The Giver, the fear of â€Å"release† or death kept all the citizens from breaking any rules. Even a simple mistake could cost a life. When a pilot in training accidentally flew over the city, the elders comforted the citizens, â€Å"Needless to say, he will be released† (Lowery 21). The citizens in The Giver did not understand that â€Å"release† meant death, but they could comprehend that it was not a desirous thing. In Lowery’s novel, no one broke rules. When Jonas’ father looked at the name of a baby before the naming ceremony, Jonas was shocked. He could not believe his father had broken a rule. In 1984, many people were hanged for a crime. â€Å"Thought Crime† was punishable by death. The Thought Police could not watch everyone’s thoughts simultaneously, but if they came across a belief that did not align with the party, death was the result. However public execution is not the only form of death in 1984. â€Å"Disappearances† were a common occurrence throughout the novel. Often those guilty of â€Å"thought crimes† just disappeared. All records of their existence were erased, and the Party attempted to remove all memories of them through â€Å"double think† (Orwell). Huxley takes a completely different approach in his novel. Pleasure is the key to controlling the citizenry in A Brave New World. A review of the book states, â€Å"Pleasure is the most powerful motivator of man† (Clareson). Research has proven that rewarding good behavior is more effective than punishing wrong behavior. Where the citizens in 1984 are controlled by fear of punishment, the citizens in A Brave New World are controlled by reinforcing desirous behavior. The main tools used by the government to regulate society are sex and Soma, a drug used by all citizens in the novel. The people’s awareness is suppressed to th e point that the World Controller refers to them as â€Å"nice tame animals.† They sacrificed their entire future for the pleasure of the moment. If a citizen disagreed with the government in A Brave New World, they would be given soma and through â€Å"sleep learning† be retaught the importance of government and their place in society (Huxley). The government fundamentally brainwashes its citizens to keep them ignorant of anything other than what they need know. Knowledge is a valuable thing. â€Å" If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, it expects what never was and will never be†¦the people cannot be safe without information. Where the press is free, and everyone is able to read; all is safe† (Huxley). One important factor in controlling a large group of people is limiting his or her knowledge and resources. In 1984, the government uses a new form of speaking called â€Å"news speak.† Newspeak is a simplified version of the truth. The problem with this is when things are simplified we do not get the full version of the truth; instead we get a biased form of it. In 1984, the government controls information allowing only what reflects well on them to be released. â€Å"Don’t you see the whole aim of newspeak is to narrow the range of thought† (Orwell). Lowery also shows a limitation of knowledge in her novel. In The Giver, the elders censor their peoples’ language, emotions, and behaviors. Only the Giver and Receiver are allowed access to books and memories. The citizens in this novel are childlike in their understanding of things (Hanson). They literally have a limited vision and no way to think for themselves, or to make decisions without the Giver’s help. Taking away knowledge is a powerful thing and dangerous thing. â€Å"Who controls the past, controls the future: who controls the present controls the past† (Orwell 32). History and memories are essential to a society. When citizens forget the past; it numbs the entire citizenry. In 1984, the government constantly changes the past so it portrays them in a better light. â€Å"The party is at war with Eurasia therefore it always has been at war with Euras ia† (â€Å"Eternal Vigilance†). â€Å"Double think† is a form of thinking created by the government in Orwell’s novel. To â€Å"double think† is to have two contrary beliefs and believe both of them, while only expressing one. Orwell’s main character Winston knows when something is a lie, but has no evidence to controvert it. He says, â€Å" The past†¦had not merely been altered, it had been destroyed† (Orwell 33). In The Giver, only the Giver himself and Jonas the Receiver are allowed access to the history of their city. Upon discovering the outside world and time Jonas says, â€Å"I’m sorry sir. I don’t know what you mean when you say ‘the whole world’ or ‘generations before him.’ I thought there was only us. I thought there was only now.† Before becoming the Receiver, Jonas like all the others in his community only understood the here and now. To them everything outside of their own city simply was â€Å"elsewhere† (Low ery 56). When Jonas does discover his people’s past, he longs for a different future; knowing that there was more to life then what was offered by his elders. Emotion is an essential part of a human being. In these dystopian novels, emotion is either used as a tool for the government or completely eliminated from society. In 1984, negative emotions are used to create a common enemy among the people. Every day, all citizens were required to participate in the â€Å"two minutes hate.† During this time, they focused on an enemy of â€Å"The Party† and exhibited very animalistic behavior (Orwell 5). They also trained children from a very young age making Party minions. Winston describes his neighbor Parsons, â€Å"a man of paralyzing stupidity, a mass of imbecile enthusiasm- one of those completely unquestioning devoted drudges on whom†¦the stability of ‘The Party’ depended† (Orwell 22). Lowery instead of using emotions, tried to completely suppress them. In The Giver, there is no such thing as color, love, or joy. Jonas’ world is dependent of content people who ask few questions and see no need fo r change. Their lives are planned for them; spouses are picked out and children are applied for. All these monumental decisions are made by the council of elders. Jonas is accustomed to a life of â€Å"sameness.† Upon turning twelve and becoming the Receiver, Jonas’ lackluster world transforms into a vibrant new place. The memories given to him allow Jonas to experience love and warmth. â€Å"I like the feeling of love†¦but I can see that it was a dangerous way to live† (Lowery 126). In The Giver, â€Å"stirrings† are treated with a subduing drug. This represses any curiosity and imagination the young people have. Adults are also required to take medicine that eliminates their sexual desires (Henson). There is nothing beyond what is required and no desire for something more. In each of these cautionary novels, there are uneducated people who have no desire to become informed. Government has become so controlling that even history has been changed. Propaganda and emotions are only means to advance the government. Liberty is the price paid for stability, safety, and community. Their world did not become the desired utopia instead it became a dystopia. Webster’s dictionary defines dystopia as â€Å"a place where people lead dehumanized and often fearful lives† (Agnes). Liberty and freedom must be earned and guarded. Enlightened and empowered citizens must keep them alive. The dystopian life shown in these novels is only a threat if citizens allow their freedoms to be taken away. When citizens allow themselves to be uncaring and uninformed about their government, the ultimate price is freedom and liberty. These novels show that freedom is much to high a cost; momentary contentment should never come at the expense of liberty. Works Cited Agnes, Michael, ed. â€Å"Utopia.† Webster’s New Dictionary and Thesaurus. Cleveland, Ohio: Wiley Publishing Inc., 2002. Print. Clareson, Thomas P. â€Å"The Classic: Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World.† Extrapolation 3.1(Dec. 1961): 34-40. Rpt in Contemporary Literature Critisism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research, 1973. Literature Resource Center. Web. 23 January 2013. â€Å"Eternal Vigilance.† New Statesman [1996] 1 June 2009: 41+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. Hanson, Carter F. â€Å"The Utopian function of memory in Lois Lowry’s The Giver.† Extrapolation 50.1 (2009): 45+ Literature Resource Center. Web. 23 January 2013. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World and Brave New World Revisited. New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc., 2004. Print. Lowry, Lois. The Giver. New York: Dell Laurel –Leaf, 2002. Print. Orwell, George. 1984. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1991. Print.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Human Resources Management in New Zealand Assignment

Human Resources Management in New Zealand - Assignment Example (Muldrow, 1987). One person acts as the leader and all the members ask at least one question. There are several advantages and disadvantages associated with this type of interview. Out of the advantages a few are that it avoids making instant judgments as the decision is not just dependant on a single person, lesser personal interaction so it makes the decision more objective oriented, more consistent and accurate assessment etc. On the other hand the disadvantages include that it can be sometimes more time taking as it is difficult to get the panel together and different approaches and views can give birth to conflicts amongst the members. A formal interview where the questions are generally made in advance and the answers of the candidates are evaluated on specific scoring systems is known as the structured interviews. A lesser formal format and the question and answer session on the spot is what you call the unstructured interview (Terpstra & Kethley, 1999). There are a few advant ages and disadvantages associated with both types of interviews. A main benefit from a structured interview is that it provides a consistent tool for assessment and it promotes fairness. On the other hand the unstructured interview allows a personal interaction that is more than the structured interview so a better rapport can be built with the hiring managers. The basic drawback of the structured interview is that it restricts the assessment criteria for the interviewer and does not allow the candidate to give an interview openly as the questions are very specific. The tests that are based upon best future behavior predictor under alike situations is known as the work sample test (Cascio & Aguinis, 2005). The examinee needs to perform the tasks that are same as the ones performed on the job. There are several advantages and disadvantages linked to this test. These tests are highly reliable, have a lesser adverse impact, more favorable for the personality test whereas on the other h and these tests are costly, lesser ability to predict on the job performance, lesser capable of measuring the aptitude of the applicants etc. Provide an in depth discussion of the Human Rights Act, Privacy Act, and other relevant New Zealand Acts that relate to ‘good practices’ in employee selection at TQB. According to the Human Right Act of New Zealand the things that relate to the good practices regarding the employee selection at TQB are discussed ahead. The employer is allowed to assess the potential workers on the basis of their qualification and taking a decision, whether they will be best fit for the company or not. The employer also has the authority to monitor the work performance and see whether they pay for the work is worth it or not. The employer has the legal obligation of ensuring that the worker has a safe and healthy working environment, the issues of taking drugs etc are also related to the work performance so the employer is also entitled to take the decision that is most favorable for the company, the employer is also allowed ensuring that no worker acts dishonestly in relations to the company and other fellow workers. According to the Privacy Act of New Zealand there are several limitations on the personal information’s collection. According to this act the applicants for a position are

Friday, September 27, 2019

Characters on the road Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Characters on the road - Assignment Example In my opinion, the director of the film brought about the disbandment and related it to success to show that in most instances, the crowd is bound to fail as compared to the minority. At the beginning of the search, Martin is hopeful the search will bear fruits, but as their progress, hope starts diminishing an analogy of human behavior in relation to the challenges they face. Edwards is portrayed as unsympathetic character, and this portrayed by the songs during his act. Martha has a featureless silhouette, which brings contrast between her interior behavior and what people her to be, and color is used to highlight this attribute. Interior shots are used to give the audience the preferred Ethan’s appearance considering human have varying faces. At the beginning, Ethan character of being a racist is shown; however, with time, the character of being seductive and even interacting with children is highlighted. These alterations in Ethan, show people have the ability to change their characters and behaviors. The director of the film, searches highlights a society, whose movements are conservative, and there are traces of disharmony. The film captures different angles such as geographical and temporally angles. Ethan and Martin show how some individuals are unable to stick at one locate, considering that life without progress is unsatisfying. Later in the film, Ethan is shown as a knowledgeable and with an attractive

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Social Studies Native Amercian Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Studies Native Amercian Group - Essay Example They therefore had to migrate to regions where food was in plenty and follow migrating animals too. Climatic changes affected how communities lived and built houses in the past, and the main purpose of shelter was to get cover from harsh weather and wild animals. Winter created the need for Iroquoians to build longhouses, which were houses that had greater length than width, had no window and hosted around 30 – 60 people depending on their size. Each family had their section in the longhouse. They used wood from woodlands and elm bark to build these houses. The Algonquians also built longhouses during winter, although they also built the lighter wigwams during the warm seasons. The Iroquoians main source of food was agricultural products. They grew and ate corn and vegetables, although they also hunted animals, for example deer, and also fished in the nearby lakes and rivers. Examples of water animals they went for are the eels. Contrary to them, the Algonquians were mostly hunters and gatherers, hunting mostly the white tailed deer during winter. In summer, when the lakes were no longer frozen, they would fish for food and also kill seals for meat. They left their inland settlements during spring and built others at ocean fronts, depending on sea food and also gathering some fruits and wild vegetables (Hirschfelder, 2000). The two tribes used bows and arrows to hunt animals, although the Algonquians also used techniques such as traps and snares on small animals. Meat was eaten communally, cooked by either men or women depending on the time and occasion. Skins and fur were the main raw materials for making clothes among the Iroquoians, and these were sewn together using needles made from animal bones. Deerskin was a favorite and could be sewn into leggings and tunics. Shells and porcupine quills were dyed and used to decorate the clothes. They wove mats and baskets from tree barks and used clay for cooking

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Final exam - Essay Example From the belief of Christianity on the trinity of God, it reveals their encounter with God as being a spiritual experience. Christians also believe that God is not like human beings, but more powerful than human beings are. In the worship services of Christians, he plays a central part. Christians believe in the justification of faith. The Christians believe that through their belief that Jesus Christ is the son of God who died and resurrected. Christians believe in forgiveness when they confess their sins; the forgiveness was given when Jesus died on the cross. Finally, Christians believe in life after death, and as a result, they strive to live a holy life so as to go to heaven and wait for the resurrection. 2.Decide what basic perspective about Christian understandings of God, Jesus and the Church make the most sense to you and give your reasons why by applying these views to the issue of how Christians should live their lives. Christians view God as the creator of the universe and all living things. Jesus is also seen as God’s son who came to the world to save the world from its sins. The word Jesus means â€Å"the savior.† In Old Testament the name, Joshua is the same as Jesus. The church is a place where the faithful go to fellowship God. Christians view the church as the body of Christ, the fellowship in faith and the people of God. When we look at the church as a fellowship in faith, it is probable to say that the holiness of Christians is based on God’s continuing activities. The holiness of the church originates from God, for instance, the book of peter 1:15-16 â€Å"you shall be holy, for I am holy† this show that the church is supposed to be holy since he is also holy. When Christians view the church as the body of Christ, it means that they partake in the redemptive works of Jesus Christ. Through this, Christians live in unity with one another without differentiating others based

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Briefly assess the strategies of Thoreau, King and Gandhi. Who faced Essay

Briefly assess the strategies of Thoreau, King and Gandhi. Who faced the most monumental task Thoreau trying to end U.S. slaver - Essay Example Each of these three people fought against social injustice using various means at their disposal, by employing creative strategies to fight against entrenched economic interests and also long-standing cultural and political practices. Moreover, this essay also attempts to give the reader some points to ponder, on how these strategies can be used today to achieve a certain aim or advocacy, such as fighting climate change, gun control, and human rights. Discussion Henry David Thoreau was an eminent American author, philosopher, poet, naturalist, social critic, historian, and most importantly, an abolitionist who fought hard against slavery. His writings were instrumental in shaping American public opinion in his time on the evils of slavery, as an aberration in American historical and political development. He is most famous for his book Walden, which is a philosophical reflection on the benefits of simple living while his essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience† laid the groundwork for later activists such as Gandhi and also Martin Luther King himself; the principles in the said essay are to fight for individual rights. However, it was his essay â€Å"A Plea for Captain John Brown† in 1853 which made the people who were against slavery take notice of how important it was to fight for liberty, this in behalf of the black slaves. This particular essay was delivered as a speech in defense of the attack carried out by Captain Brown and his men against a federal government armory; with a hope of capturing firearms and to distribute these to plantation slaves and spark a rebellion. Although many thought the attack was foolhardy, even suicidal, from a military standpoint, it was Thoreau's effusive speech which praised Brown that galvanized the Northerners to finally end slavery. He said it costs nothing to be just. The basis of Thoreau’s political thinking came from his â€Å"Civil Disobedience† essay where he advocates for people to assert their cit izens’ rights against a government which they think has become unjust, that the best government is a government that governs the least. Resistance to government can be justified if following it is unconscionable; additionally, strong individuals can take action on their own if they will think their government is uncaring, unwieldy, too big, or even abusive or repressive. An example of this individualistic attitude was Captain Brown, who saw it fit to take action on his own to end slavery, but Thoreau did not want anarchy but only a better government (Thoreau 2). The moral philosophy of Thoreau also influenced the political ideas of Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) Gandhi in his uphill struggle against British colonial rule in India. In particular, the strategies used by Gandhi were based on Thoreau's moral civil disobedience. This is a focal point in Gandhi's fight because it gave him and his followers the moral high ground. Gandhi was a lawyer, and he knew there were many insta nces in which laws can be immoral. In this regard, he used the legal system to beat the British using his peaceful civil disobedience, such as not paying taxes (reminiscent of what Thoreau also did who went to jail for one night) and in leading the 400-km march against the British-imposed national salt tax. Martin Luther King (MLK) was a pivotal figure in the Civil Rights Movement as he struggled to

Monday, September 23, 2019

Current Events- how they affect the stability in area of Egypt Assignment

Current Events- how they affect the stability in area of Egypt - Assignment Example The revolution took place on 25 of January and it was non-violent campaign civil resistance, which was characterized by demonstrations, civil disobedience acts, street marches and labor strikes. Millions of people from different religious and socio economic backgrounds protested publicly because they wanted to throw the regime of Hosni Mubarak. Mubarak is the president of Egypt who has ruled for a long time since 1981 up to the year 2011. The protest in the Egypt was meant to throw the regime of Mubarak because he has made Egypt poor, and stole the fortune of Egypt. The British Journals reveals that Mubarak and his family escaped with around 70 billion dollars to the United States, France, Dubai, Switzerland and United Kingdom (Podeh and Winckler, 2004). They also sold gasoline at 25 percent of market price to Israel, which is considered the enemy nation for Egyptians. This made many Arab nations to hate Egypt and made the country a police nation where internal inelegance could arrest, kill or abuse anyone. Eypt has adequate resources, big military and smart labor force as swell as high population of more than 90 millions of people; thus a threat to Israel, which has been their enemy for a long period. Al though the two nations signed for the peace agreement, it was seen as the advantage taken over Mubarak because he does not care about human rights and democracy right of Egyptians. Therefore, the civil revolution made against the regime of Mubarak whereby people utilized social media services and networking sites aimed to build a new revolution in Egypt. The political turmoil in Egypt has paralyzed government’s efforts in addressing the problems affecting citizens; thus contributing to an economic deterioration. Egypt is one of the nations with rapid population growth rate and the limited arable lands have significantly restrained the nation ‘resources. However, the increased political crisis that led to protest and labor strikes affected the

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Value Objectivity Essay Example for Free

Value Objectivity Essay The philosophies and beliefs of a person are shaped from the day we are born all through maturity amongst our individual, ethnic, and shared encounters. Establishing what is factual from erroneous differs on our individual routine and what we allow to let sway our viewpoints and actions. Ethical decision making while essential, can sometimes be extremely difficult and challenging. This is predominantly spot-on when working with clientele that have unlike beliefs and views. For example: If one leg of a four-legged stool is missing, the stool will not stand correctly. If one leg is shorter than the others, the stool may be awkward to use. The correlation of a four-legged stool can be utilized to help better comprehend the prominence and interdependence of individual, organizational and cultural ethics and how all of these things tend to influence one another. The ethical aspects of counseling are based on a system of rules which have been constructed for a precise group of people or field of work, and were developed for the purpose of setting the standards of conduct and behavior that are to be used by professionals. Ethical connotations hardly ever have an easy answer, and often counselors must seek help from more experienced professionals, but this is not a guarantee that the anticipated result will be accomplished. The first guideline in the ACA’s (2005) Code of Ethics reads â€Å"the primary responsibility of counselors is to respect the dignity and promote the welfare of clients† (Kaplan, 2014). â€Å"Competence is required of practitioners if they are to protect and serve their clients. Although the intents are to not harm clients, sometimes incompetence is a contributing factor in causing harm for practitioners† (Corey, et al, 2014). When therapists are conscious of his/her own individual morals, principals, and unsettled struggles they can successfully discuss their clientele without dropping emphasis on the requirements of the customer, but sometimes this isn’t always the case. â€Å"Standard 2.01(a) requires psychologists to â€Å"provide services, teach, a nd  conduct research with populations and in areas only within the boundaries of their competence, based on their education, training, supervised experience, consultation, study, or professional experience† (Shiles, 2009). Counselors should remain inside their span of training, be mindful of the restrictions of his/her licensed expertise, be present at essential education programs and maintain their learning, use his/her own common sense, and be able to identify when referrals should be made. It should be the disposition of counselors to always value the mixture of their clientele, novices, and study partakers. The ACA Code of Ethics (2005) section A.4.b. Personal Values states, â€Å"Counselors are aware of their own values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors and avoid imposing values that are inconsistent with counseling goals† (Kaplan, 2014). â€Å"Standard C.5., states, â€Å"Counselors do not condone or engage in discrimination based on age, culture, disability, ethnicity, race, religion/spirituality, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, marital status/partnership, language preference, socioeconomic status, or any basis prescribed by law† (Kaplan, 2014). Personal standards, t he main beliefs that describe an individual, develop over time. They are shaped by a mixture of influences as well as ones from family and friends, along with learning and religious establishments. â€Å"When it becomes clear that a client’s counseling needs exceed our competence, we must either develop the competence necessary to effectively treat the client or refer this client to another competent professional† (Corey, et al, 2014). There are going to be many instances when treating clients that the situation is going to be uncomfortable and it may be easier to just refer the clients to someone else. â€Å"The ACA Code of Ethics (ACA, 2005) authorizes counselors to conclude a treatment liaison under these three circumstances: â€Å"When it becomes reasonably apparent that the client no longer needs assistance, is not likely to benefit, or is being harmed by continued counseling† (Kaplan, 2014). Although a counselor may be competent within a certain area of expertise, they still may need to refer a client from time to time to maintain working within the boundaries of the professional role and successfully delivering the services that client’s may need. â€Å"The counselor need not accept or approve of the client’s values. Disagreement with or nonacceptance of the client’s values does not mean that the client is not accepted as a person† (Kaplan, 2014). Instances that referral may be  necessary are as such: the patron has additional needs; the therapist lacks special proficiencies; the client needs a expert; the therapist is acquainted with the client beyond a professional basis; no growth is being formulated; the client is contributing in disorderly activities that could be damaging those around them; the therapist and client aren’t forming a beneficial connection due to personality differences; and the counselor is has taken the client outside of their comfort zone. Before making a referral it’s important to explore what is the difficulty within the situation; what barriers are preventing the professional from working with the client. Purely differing with a client or not having a distinct fondness for the client is not ethical grounds to make a referral. When referral is not an option for a counselor the counselor must take additional steps to ensure that they are not only professionally competent but to also develop skills by working with colleagues that have more experience, especially when seeking new areas within the practice. These skills can be obtained by attending conferences, networking opportunities, reading books and journal articles, etc. The primary goal is for professional counselors to embrace supporting the individual’s worth, self-esteem, potential, and individuality. â€Å"In order to determine our level of competence, we must engage in an ongoing process of self-assessment and self-reflection† (Watson, et al, 2006). In conclusion, values and ethical standards are sometimes challenging to describe although people understands and practices the theory. A therapist’s ethical responsibilities to clientele start during the initial interaction or appointment, not during the beginning meeting; the point that counselors have moral accountabilities to those individuals that request help obligates a specialist to withhold the utmost respect and dignity in order to promote the welfare of the client. There are always going to be differences of opinions and values but the ultimate concern is the welfare of the client. References Corey G., Corey, M. S., Corey, C., Callanan, P. (2014). Issues and ethics in the helping professions (9th ed.). Independence, KY: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. ISBN-13: 9781285464671. Kaplan, D.M. (2014). Ethical Implications of a Critical Legal Case for the Counseling Profession: Ward v. Wilbanks. Journal of Counseling and Development, 92(2), 142-146. Shiles, M. (2009). Discriminatory Referrals: Uncovering a Potential Ethical Dilemma Facing Practitioners. Ethics Behavior, 19(2), 142-155. doi:10.1080/10508420902772777 Watson, Z.P., Herlihy, B.R., Pierce, L.A. (2006). Forging the Link Between Multicultural Competence and Ethical Counseling Practice: A Historical Perspective. Counseling Values, 50(2), 99-107.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Young Goodman Brown Essay Example for Free

Young Goodman Brown Essay In the story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, written by author Nathaniel Hawthorne, we are offered opposites in personalities which demonstrates interesting extremes that keeps emotions flowing up and down from affection to fear in this book. Faith is a loving and kind character as Goodman Brown seems fortunate in finding a companion who desperately wants to be with. She displays acts of genuine affection for her new husband and it’s terribly obvious that she doesn’t want him to ever leave her. This character shows one opposite of the extreme measure by being king, genuine, loyal and loving with Goodman Brown. The old man in this story offers the complete opposite personality as he represents fear and what’s bad in the world. This character also shows complete opposite of what Goodman Brown’s wife is by being old where Faith is young and beautiful. Faith offers safety and security in Goodman’s home where the old man in the forest only allows for deceit and fear. Hawthorne demonstrates gloominess and evil when Goodman Brown leaves the safety of his home and wife. Faith didn’t want her husband to leave her. Possibly, she could sense the danger that awaited her husband with the close bond that they shared in their marriage. In this book, it is easily felt that one should remain on the side of the one that really cares about their safety and happiness and not be deceived by outside forces that threaten what is good in one’s life. Extreme opposites is what I took from the characters and a feeling that an individual should pay attention to those who remain sincere and caring in our lives and avoid outside influences of those who make us feel fear and uncertainty.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Job Description Of HR Manager Commerce Essay

Job Description Of HR Manager Commerce Essay See if this helpselse let me know The Human Resources Manager will be highly regarded with an excellent track record in his/her current environment. The successful candidate must be a strong, decisive, results oriented leader who can develop and manage relationships across the company and with a wide variety of partners based on trust, teamwork and knowledge. The following details specific responsibilities for this critical role: Serve as a key member advising business leadership team responsible for HR processes for Associates.   Function in an active and influential business advisory role with executives in order to drive business results   Leverage broader HR team resources to drive change in leadership organizational development, compensation and staffing.   Specific areas of focus over the next 12 24 months include: developing and implementing staffing and learning strategies, developing retention strategies, leadership and organizational development, talent planning, diversity, compensation management and delivery, performance management, workforce planning,, increasing associate satisfaction and engagement, build-out campus recruiting program.   Some travel will be required. Qualifications   Minimum of 6 years human resources experience   Preferable to have experience in two or more of the following areas: human resources management, organizational development/change management, process improvement (Six Sigma preferred), compensation, staffing.   Excellence in a client management model: mobilizing the best people and integrating the tools and processes required to meet the needs of the business   Business driven with strong financial acumen.   Strategic planning, complex problem resolution and general management expertise.   Outstanding communication and presentation skills.   High level of interpersonal skills and integrity; solid team player.   Ability to influence senior management, establish and maintain collaborative partnerships and provide thought leadership.   Ability to architect and drive change   Ability to lead in a global, matrixed environment Key Responsibilities of Manager HR:    Ã‚ ¶ Plan, develop and implement strategy for HR management and development (including recruitment and selection policy/practices, discipline, grievance, counselling, pay and conditions, contracts, training and development, succession planning, moral and motivation, culture and attitude development, performance appraisal and quality management issues)  Ã‚ ¶ Establish and maintain appropriate systems for measuring necessary aspects of HR development  Ã‚ ¶ Monitor, measure and report on HR issues, opportunities and development plans and achievement within agreed formats and timescales  Ã‚ ¶ Manage and develop direct reporting staff.  Ã‚ ¶ Manage and control departmental expenditure within agreed budgets.  Ã‚ ¶ Liaise with other functional / departmental head so as to understand all necessary aspects and needs of HR development, and to ensure they are fully informed of HR objectives, purpose and achievements.  Ã‚ ¶ Maintain awareness and knowledge of latest HR development theory and methods and provide suitable interpretation to directors, managers and staff within the organisation.  Ã‚ ¶ Contribute to the evaluation and development of HR strategy and performance in co-operation with the executive team.  Ã‚ ¶ Ensure activities meet with and integrate with organisational requirement for quality management, health and safety, legal requirement, environmental policies and general duty of care.  Ã‚ ¶ Audit and authenticate all documents related to legal, salary statements and distribution, policies etc.  Ã‚ ¶ Develop and Maintain healthy relation with Govt. and Non Govt. Organistions for better and fast functioning of organisation.  Ã‚ ¶ Plan for employees performance appraisal; develop tools for appraisal, job evaluation and development.  Ã‚ ¶ Plan and direct for Training of employee including senior managers, maintain contact with outside resources for training. How to Develop a Job Description The process of developing a job description helps you articulate the most important outcomes you need from an employee performing a particular job. A job description is also a communication tool that tells coworkers where their job leaves off and the job of another starts. A well-written job description tells an employee where their job fits within the overall department and the overall company. Job Descriptions: Why Effective Job Descriptions Make Good Business Sense Effectively developed, job descriptions are communication tools that are significant in your organizations success. Poorly written job descriptions, on the other hand, add to workplace confusion and hurt communication. Heres why effective job descriptions are so important. Job Specification A job specification describes the knowledge, skills, education, experience, and abilities you believe are essential to performing a particular job. The job specification is developed from the job analysis. Ideally, also developed from a detailed job description, the job specification describes the person you want to hire for a particular job. Learn more about the job specification. Job Specification Sample: Human Resources Director This sample job specification for a human resources director provides an example of a job specification. See a sample job specification for a human resources director that describes education, experience, characteristics, skills, knowledge, and an overview of the job requirements. Job Specification Sample: Marketing Manager This sample job specification for a marketing manager provides an example of a job specification. See this sample job specification for a marketing manager. Job Analysis A job analysis is the process used to collect information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job. You need as much data as possible to put together a job description, which is the frequent outcome of the job analysis. Job Description Job descriptions are written statements that describe the duties, responsibilities, most important contributions and outcomes needed from a position, required qualifications of candidates, and the reporting relationship of a particular job. Bio-Tech Job Descriptions These general, not detailed, job descriptions describe the jobs available in the emerging field of bio-technology. Sponsored Links Job Tasks for: Human Resources Manager Administer compensation, benefits and performance management systems, and safety and recreation programs. Identify staff vacancies and recruit, interview and select applicants. Allocate human resources, ensuring appropriate matches between personnel. Provide current and prospective employees with information about policies, job duties, working conditions, wages, opportunities for promotion and employee benefits. Perform difficult staffing duties, including dealing with understaffing, refereeing disputes, firing employees, and administering disciplinary procedures. Advise managers on organizational policy matters such as equal employment opportunity and sexual harassment, and recommend needed changes. Analyze and modify compensation and benefits policies to establish competitive programs and ensure compliance with legal requirements. Plan and conduct new employee orientation to foster positive attitude toward organizational objectives. Serve as a link between management and employees by handling questions, interpreting and administering contracts and helping resolve work-related problems. Plan, direct, supervise, and coordinate work activities of subordinates and staff relating to employment, compensation, labor relations, and employee relations. Analyze training needs to design employee development, language training and health and safety programs. Maintain records and compile statistical reports concerning personnel-related data such as hires, transfers, performance appraisals, and absenteeism rates. Analyze statistical data and reports to identify and determine causes of personnel problems and develop recommendations for improvement of organizations personnel policies and practices. Plan, organize, direct, control or coordinate the personnel, training, or labor relations activities of an organization. Conduct exit interviews to identify reasons for employee termination. Investigate and report on industrial accidents for insurance carriers. Represent organization at personnel-related hearings and investigations. Negotiate bargaining agreements and help interpret labor contracts. Prepare personnel forecast to project employment needs. Prepare and follow budgets for personnel operations. Develop, administer and evaluate applicant tests. Oversee the evaluation, classification and rating of occupations and job positions. Study legislation, arbitration decisions, and collective bargaining contracts to assess industry trends. Develop and/or administer special projects in areas such as pay equity, savings bond programs, day-care, and employee awards. Provide terminated employees with outplacement or relocation assistance. Contract with vendors to provide employee services, such as food service, transportation, or relocation service. Human Resource Manager Job Description Employees are the most important asset of any organization. The future of the firm depends on the performance of its employees. The role of a human resource manager is pivotal in managing the needs of the employees. Read on to know more about human resource managers job description, human resource managers duties and the requirements of a human resource manager. Human resource management refers to the coherent and strategic approach to understand the needs of the people working in a firm. Undoubtedly, the growth of a firm is totally based on the individual and the collective efforts of its workers.  Human resource management  evolved as a serious discipline in the business world when it was understood that employees are not mere business units, like machines and automobiles. Instead, they are a valuable human manpower and have personal, emotional and financial needs. Human beings are not uni-dimensional entities. Hence, human resource management was develoved to cultivate a positive work culture in the organization,  motivate employees, streamline the recruitment process and provide employee training. The dynamics of business have become more and more challenging in todays global economy. Employee retention is a crucial factor where the need of a human resource manager is vital. Also, the function of a human resource manager is to work in tandem with all the departments of a firm in order to monitor and decipher the needs of the employees. The human resource management department acts as a bridge between the CEO or the Managing Director of the company and the various branches like executive, administrative,  project management  teams and operations management. Human Resource Manager Job Description The job of a human resource manager presents challenges to tactically handle the human resource tools and help the firm attract talented people for the required job(s). Following are the major duties and functions of a human resource manager. Resource Hunting and Recruitment   The entire process of  recruitment  is monitored by the human resource manager. The human resource managers duties consist of job posting, hiring, conducting recruitment exams (if any) and interviewing. Other functions of a human resource manager are to maintain excellent professional relations with the educational institutions and recruitment agencies.   Coaching the Employees Training the employees is another important duty of a human resource manager. Why is training so essential? Well, every organization has its specific  organizational culture  and it is expected that the employees follow it. Induction and orientation lectures are the initial periods of training, wherein the employees get to know the work culture of the company. Icebreaker sessions, as we normally call them in the management terminology, help the employees feel comfortable and show active participation in training programs. Effective communication is a tool that the human resource manager can use to connect the workers and gel them as a team. The human resource manager can play a pivotal role in adopting the  six sigma  training programs. The principles of  change management  can be adequately applied to help the firm reap rich benefits. Motivation and Performance Appraisal Motivation is a key to trigger the performance of an employee. An average employee may turn into an outstanding performer on being motivated. A human resource manager conducts sessions and lectures that keep the employees aware about the growing competition in the market and the need to constantly upgrade the skills of the employees. Also, the performance of employees is constantly monitored over a monthly or yearly basis and rewards, gifts and prices are distributed for exceptional performances. The human resource manager also looks after the  performance appraisal  of the employees. Salary and Payroll Negotiations Though salary related issues are a responsibility of the accounts department of the firm, still, in the initial stages of recruitment, the human resource manager handles the salary issues of an employee. Since a human resource manager handles the recruitment process he/she is more aware about the ability, experience and skills of the employee, therefore, he/she can take better decisions about the salary of the worker. Generally, the HR department works in collaboration with the accounts department in salary related issues. Employee Satisfaction and Feedback Are the employees satisfied with the facilities of the firm? Are any issues that are causing an unrest among the employees? There may be differences in the ideas/opinions of the various employees. The principles of  conflict resolution  can be used to resolve differences among the employees. Mostly, human resource managers accept the feedback of the employees and this leads to an efficient management of the workers. Educational Requirements For a Human Resource Manager Are you aspiring for a career in human resource management? Well, this challenging field has a lot to offer you. Once you get in, new avenues open at every step. Generally, a graduate level degree in labor laws, social sciences, human resources and industrial laws is considered for entry level jobs in human resource management. Many firms look out for a fair amount of work experience before hiring HR managers. So, if you have a masters degree or an MBA in human resource management, then its better to spend 3-6 years taking a professional experience and then look for higher entry jobs. Even courses related to humanities, like public administration, psychology, sociology, political science, economics, and statistics are considered by many firms. With experience in this field one can climb the ladder of success gradually and soar great heights. Personality Traits of a Human Resource Manager The various personality traits needed to be an excellent human resource manager are as follows. Excellent communication skills and  leadership qualities Strong presentation abilities Must be a creative thinker and excellent team player Must be a good initiator and possess good  negotiation skills. Analyzing the job description of human resource manager must have given you an insight into the challenges and creativity of the different elements involved in human resource management. So, if you are planning a career in human resource management, make a note of the above points and then go for it! By  Kundan Pandey Human Resources Administrator Manager Purpose: The incumbent will be responsible for providing an effective and efficient human resource generalist function that is aligned with departmental and company strategic goals. The incumbent will be expected to successfully implement HR strategy and deliver customer service within the organization. The responsibilities will include inter alia strategic partnership and organisation design, recruitment and selection, employment equity, salary and benefits management, employee relations, talent retention, performance management, change management, diversity management, skills development, policies and procedures, HR reporting, BBBEE, HR projects and managing staff. Key Responsibility Areas: Recruitment and Selection Attract, retain and motivate staff. Manage the recruitment process and ensure candidates fit the role and company culture. Advertise vacancies, assess applications, interview applicants. Coordinate and manage the orientation of new employees, process probationary reviews, employee evaluations and terminations. Analyse the skills and qualities required for each particular job and develop job descriptions. Skills Development Identify training /skills / competency needs within the organisation. Coordinate career development, succession planning and talent management needs in partnership with line management. Submit the skills development plan within the prescribed timeframe. Identify skills shortages and where there is need to improve and inform management. Employment Equity Submit the Employment Equity Plans within specified timeframes to the Labour Department. Consult and give input into development of employment equity plans. Identify employment Equity quota requirements and advise on status of compliance to targets. Employee Relations Consult and advise management and staff on Labour relations issues. Ensure awareness on LRA, Basic conditions of Employment Act and all other labour legislation. Represent the company on CCMA Level (conciliation arbitration). BBBEE Implement and monitor compliance to company BEE strategy. Assume responsibility for the Companys social responsibility projects and manage the Social committee. HR Reporting and Administration Manage company payroll administration. Compile monthly management reports all on all key output areas of the position. Perform related duties as assigned by the Head of Finance Performance Management Manage the company performance management process (KPO). Custodian of effective performance management practices. Implement performance management / talent management initiatives. Ensure that performance management is standardized. Ensure that all employees are informed of and trained in the application of the performance management model and system. Monitoring, evaluating and reporting results. Change Management Lead programmes that are aimed at improving employee morale. Identify and analyse current organisational effectiveness. Initiate and implement organisational surveys. Policies and Procedures Develop, update and implement all HR policies and procedures. Budget Cost Management Drive HR related cost savings and manage HR budgets as set by executive management Core Competencies: Good planning, organisational, analytical and decision-making skills. Confidentiality, tact and discretion when dealing with people. Ability to train. Use Initiative. Professional approach. Excellent Administration Skills General Competencies: Excellent oral and written communication skills. People centric. Flexibility. Experience and Education: Degree/or Diploma in Human Resources Management and/or equivalent. Approximately 5 years experience as an HR generalist and minimum 3 years in an HR management role. Personal Characteristics: Excellent organisational skills. Attention to detail. Self driven. Good communicator. Good interpersonal skills. Positive outlook on life. Assertive nature. Logical thinker. High levels of initiative. Customer service orientated. Work independently, with a high degree of responsibility. Work well under pressure and to deadlines. Special Requirements: Regular and on time attendance. From time to time you will be required to work outside of normal working hours. Note: To perform this job successfully, the individual must be able to perform each essential duty satisfactorily. The requirements listed above are representative of the knowledge; skill and or ability required and are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all duties and responsibilities associated with this job. You will be required to perform all reasonable duties assigned to you or related or incidental to the proper completion of your job tasks. During a colleagues leave of absence from the company or during month end or peak business periods, you may be required to perform other job tasks upon reasonable request from your line manager. Relocation costs (if applicable) will be for own account

Thursday, September 19, 2019

The History of Writing :: Literature Language Essays

The History of Writing Language existed long before writing, emerging probably simultaneously with sapience, abstract thought and the Genus Homo. In my opinion, the signature event that separated the emergence of palaeohumans from their anthropoid progenitors was not tool-making but a rudimentary oral communication that replaced the hoots and gestures still used by lower primates. The transfer of more complex information, ideas and concepts from one individual to another, or to a group, was the single most advantageous evolutionary adaptation for species preservation. As long ago as 25,000-30,000 years BP, humans were painting pictures on cave walls. Whether these pictures were telling a "story" or represented some type of "spirit house" or ritual exercise is not known. The advent of a writing system, however, seems to coincide with the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to more permanent agrarian encampments when it became necessary to count ones property, whether it be parcels of land, animals or measures of grain or to transfer that property to another individual or another settlement. We see the first evidence for this with incised "counting tokens" about 9,000 years ago in the neolithic fertile crescent. Around 4100-3800 BCE, the tokens began to be symbols that could be impressed or inscribed in clay to represent a record of land, grain or cattle and a written language was beginning to develop. One of the earliest examples was found in the excavations of Uruk in Mesopotamia at a level representing the time of the crystallization of the Sumerian culture.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Cone Effect :: essays research papers

First of all, my definition of the â€Å"cone effect† is this: a theory in which all media content is exaggerated then sent through a publication or broadcast that carries advertisements to individuals with different perceptions leading to a "perceived media reality" which is incorporated into everyday life. I believe this means we are media, media is us, and we are one. If we would all take a look at our lives we are just a jumble of representations. In my opinion, from the moment we are born to the day that we die we are media. We are born a certain sex boy or girl. That represents something. Boys wear blue girls wear pink. This symbolizes to everyone what we are. We don’t know we are boys or girls until someone tells us. We have set and defined expectations for our lives, as well as ways that we must act. From that day forward we learn our media from our lives, our families, friends, and literally everything we come in contact with. Everything we do and everything we see leaves some trace of an impression on us and represents something to each of us. That’s why I feel that media is us. Media is everything. We are just representations. It makes me very frustrated to think seriously about this. It makes me question everything that I have had to believe as a member of society. It makes me question countless things in my life. It made me think about life in general. What is reality? Truthfully, I don’t know if there is a way to answer this question for everyone but I think we all need to examine our lives in general and the everyday lives that we live in and question them. Everything we do or say has a representation so again, that is media. It is all around us. It is everywhere. Most places we don’t even know that it is going on. In my inspection of my life and the media that surrounds me I have found media to be almost everywhere. It is everywhere. Almost everything I have and use has labels on it from clothes to food. Some things even have advertisements of other things on their labels. All of these products represent me. I wear these clothes because I like the way this brand looks or I want to belong to a certain group so I wear similar clothes. I eat certain foods because someone introduced it to me or it is the brand that I like.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Contributions of Feminism to Security studies

The contribution of feminists to security studies have been described as four separate categories; where the International Relation feminists query the hypothetical nonexistence and peripheral nature of women in international security politics, interrogate the extent to which women are secured by state protection in times of war and peace, critique the ever ever-existence assumption that gendered security practices address women only and contest the discourses wherein women are linked unreflectively with peace. Feminists have conceptualized the core concepts like security, the state, violence, war and peace while at the same time uncovering new hardheaded knowledge about sexual violence in war, gendered participation in armed conflict as well as the masculinity of militarization (Carpenter, 2002: 300). International Relation feminists have studied specific empirical situations to deduce explanatory as well as ethical theories of International Relation. They have traversed the crisis in Bosnia, African peace keeping operations, civil military relations in South Korea and the wars in Iraq. Though some of the emerging exemplar of human security as well as Copenhagen school stress the significance of individuals within the security issues they still fail to recognize that not all individuals face those issues the same. Feminists have decided to make women noticeable as subjects in international security (Edkins & Epstein, 1997: 120). They portray attention to the invisibility of female and gender subordination within the theory and practice of security politics. Less than 10% of the heads of state of the world are women. Feminists ask why this should be the case and how this is likely to affect the structure as well as the practice of global politics. The empirical case studies of the more current new generation feminists have manly focused on hitherto underrepresented issues like military prostitution, sensitive households, domestic service as well as home-based work which are always performed by women. Through the use of gendered lenses, we are able to see that in spite of the myth that wars are fought by men as a way of protecting the ‘vulnerable people’, a category to which women and children are assigned, women and children represent a significant portion of the causalities in the recent wars. And while are underrepresented as military casualties in terms of their participation in militaries all over the world, they are over represented as civilian victims in terms of their percentage of the population in war zones. Women and children make up between seventy five to eighty percent of the refugees displaced by the effects of war. Feminists have drawn the attention to the frequency as well as the severity of wartime rape, characterizing it as a war crime, as genocide and extreme form of torture. War affects women drafted to provide sex to the soldiers. For instance, more than one million Korean women have suffered in the same way since the beginning of the Korean War (Moon, 1997: 112). Looking at the sound effects of war on women, we are able to gain a better understanding of the unequal feminine relation that sustains the military activity. Whereas feminists highlight the essentiality of seeing women understand conflict and war, they too put emphasis on how these gendered constructions are able to help us understand not just some of the causes of war but certain ways of think about the nature of security have been legitimized at the expense of others. Gendered lenses do not just show where women are during conflict and war but also the structure of war and conflict. Realists define security primarily in terms of state security. A state that is secure is one that is position to protect its physical borders against an anarchical global system. Neorealist put much emphasis on the anarchic international- system’s structure. In this case there is no sovereign to regulate the state behavior. They paint states like Bosnia, Somalia and Iraq as unitary actors whose internal structures as well as policies are less crucial than the anarchic condition for explaining their insecurity and security. The power seeking nature of a state together with the military capabilities are viewed as avenues designed at increasing security of the state; security specialists believe than that the habit of power seeking so as to promote the level of security explains much of the international behavior of the states. Poorest Nations of the world have active military operations within their borders. Consequently, the conflicts contribute to high number of civilian casualties to the extreme structural violence which is done to people when their basic requirements are not met as well as environmental destruction. Security is all about an individual safety. The survival of an individual is therefore the key to his or her safety. But survival has always been threatened by bombs, but this is not even all. Inadequate food, health care, shelter, and transportation threatens the physical integrity of the bodies of individuals, and the most affected are women and children. The safety of an individual is of importance than just being able to stay alive. It is also about the ability to have a home and raise a healthy family. Most women in war affected countries spent the better part of their lives in refugee camps and have never known the meaning of a happy leaving. According to feminists, security is about the safety issues which affect the lives of people, mostly women (Edkins & Epstein, 1997: 208). Civilian casualties, power outrages, food shortages, structural violence, militarism together with the human rights are security issues. The lives of women can be insecure even when the states feel safe. Security has to be seen from marginalized members of the societies, those that are highly susceptible to insecurity. Feminist security prioritizes justice together with emancipation. Feminism exclusively contributes the perspective of how the lives of women demonstrate the violence in the events that are not traditionally perceived as security threats. Without Gender, Security is Incomplete Scholarly work that accepts a gender-subordinating world the way it appears akin to the history of a victor: no matter how good it may be, it is incomplete with adverse moral problems. This is verified by the look at the non-combatant principle of immunity and what feminists refer to as an illusion of the protection of women or the protection racket. In her piece of writing, Women, Children and other Susceptible Groups, Charlie Carpenter emphasize the importance of gender in international advocacy concerning the protection of civilians through reference to the beliefs of the advocates that their message is likely to be salient incase it is understood in terms of defending women and children particularly (Carpenter, 2002: 302). The immunity structure of women has been greatly distorted through reliance upon the proxy of women and children for civilians. The distortion is likely to affect the protection in sub-optimal ways. There is need for a clear understanding of what needs protection and why. The principle of immunity within the just war tradition is hazy and highly subject to considerable manipulation for political purposes. This kind of problems may be enough to cause the current lack of effectiveness. Whereas the principle of immunity appears to protect women, in real sense, it risks the lives of women and also perpetuates gender subordination at the same time. The modernization of the Malaysian economy in 1970’s led to an increase in the number of the underpaid and exploited foreign female household workforce within the country. It was a case of rejecting the traditional economic validation due to the fact that the economic theory overlooks the involvement of the state or the social dynamics that surround foreign domestic worker involvement. In order to win the support of the middle class and lessen the ethnic tension, the state of Malaysia backed the hiring of foreign female domestic workers and the workers worked in slave-like conditions. In such a case, just like in many other countries, the state played the role of manipulating class, gender as well as race to control power in order to benefit a few citizens and disadvantage others. The scholars reveal gender that is entrenched within the power structures and consistence with the critical International- Relations theory, ultimately aimed at changing the status quo. The works of feminists contribute to the realm of the protection in an untraditional way. For instance, they bring to light the insecurities that women have inside and outside of the traditional war zones. To add on that, because they have the ability to recognize the physical, ecological, structural as well as sexual violence as security threats, they appropriately apply security on the individual level. Through underscoring human safety, mainly at the political margin, feminists refocus security discourses from the policies of the state to the lives of the individuals. Certainly, wars are known to threaten safety. But oppressive relationship of work as well as sexual slavery also threaten it and therefore has to be recognized as universal issues of the human insecurity and justifiable topics within international security. Through bringing about the discussion and concentrating on how the ideas on how gender affects and are affected by politics, the constructivists of feminism build on the foundation that is availed by the social constructivists. In his book, Modern Security Studies, Collins examines international dialogue and law in relation to home based work. He reveals that the dominantly home-based female workforce is highly undervalued. Because the work takes place in a private sphere, it is not considered to be legitimate by many. As a result, women suffer low wages as well as poor working conditions without being provided with an opportunity to change their circumstances. Due to the fact that the workforce is dominantly women, the institutionalization of the rights of the workers is vital to feminists. In terms of war, the constructionists of feminism try to determine the reasons as to why the issue of security remain absent within the mainstream of security discourse. For example, though not included in the description of conventional warfare, the economic sanctions on Iraq between the Gulf wars had incredible security impact on Iraqi communities as well as the citizens, excessively on women. While implementing the policy, the United Nation Security Council was aiming at instigating the opposition of the citizens to the government of Iraq. In a sense, through making the residents of Iraq suffer, the United Nation hoped they would revolt against their government. This kind of policy at the end of the day became a war against the innocent citizens. Whereas the well-off Iraqi in government or in the upper class were able to acquire goods through black market, the majority with lower incomes, particularly women, children as well as the elderly could hardly get anything Though the sanctions do not constitute a declaration of war from those concerned, military attacks, they contribute to emergence of war. Feminists mainly focus on the physical as well as the structural violence existent on the ground within the affected communities. And for them, conventional wars as well as economic sanctions both deserve recognition as significant and momentous security issues (Sassen, 2000: 508). Concerning the use of language in society as well as the effect on our understanding of the reality, poststructuralists stress the relationship that exists between knowledge and power. In most societies, those who posses intellect also have the capability to frame most crucial agendas and discussions, that endow with them the needed power. Traditionally, men are known to dominate the sphere of learning and intelligence. On the other hand, women are viewed as less intelligence followers who react to the supremacy of men. In particular, feminist stress the linguistic dichotomies in international security discourse which favor the attributes of masculinity. Pairs of words like strong/weak in security studies have obvious gender link because women are stereotypically feeble and more emotional. Feminists perfect in one of these divisions are point out that the gendered as well as racial implication within them have direct consequences (Collins, 2007: 28). Through donating inferiority of a given gender or race, the dichotomies shape the current perception of gender within our society. Through the demolition of the hierarchical language, feminists hope to minimize the hierarchy in our realism as well. Postcolonial Feminism Just as feminists assert a society exists with knowledge that mainly set forth by men, postcolonial feminists find fault within the knowledge that is solely based upon the experiences of the privileged western women. They do not consider female’ a homogenous category. The class, geography, race and culture experienced by individual women tend to change their perception of the world. Accordingly, postcolonial feminists’ state that contrary to the beliefs of western women, almost all women do not have the same level of emancipation needs and wants (Jackson, 1998: 70). They are fond of fighting the stereotype of the third world women as poor, victimized and lacking in agency. In due course, the feminists believe that gender subordination takes place through interaction of gender, culture and race. Through acknowledging this fact, they aspire in defining the needs of the women based on the factors rather than creating a universal list of them. Sexualized Discourse and War Sexualized discourse within the international security takes place in varied form and aspects of the military and war. For instance, in weapons technology gendered language pervades the discourse. When a weapon is first created, the makers refer to it as if it is a male being born. When it is completed, it penetrates the enemy lines the same way men penetrate women. The aggressive sexual language eventually joins with feminine language to make war seem civilized in spite of its violent nature. The abuses, for instance rape that occur during the war go away completely unmentioned (Collins, 2007: 78). Within the international security dialogue, there are cases of sexualized and gendered discourse. When describing the Gulf Wars, various politicians as well as other people draw a comparison of the situation to the sexual intercourse. During the discussion of the overthrow of Saddam, the U. S officials mentioned the frustration that though the forces had ‘penetrated’ the ‘inner sanctum’, they had not yet achieved a satisfying outcome. International Security on the Lives of Women Quite a number of Feminists employ a more micro-level scrutiny in determining the effects of international security on individual lives of women. For example, (Hansen 2000) tries to improve the analysis of feminists of foreign policy through asking them why, how and when the governments use women not just on a gendered ideology but also as instruments of foreign policy. About the South Korean women ‘working’ for the military of the U. S. , Hansen concludes that individuals and organizations should incorporate military prostitution within the global security discussion of the gender rules in war times. Conclusion In an attempt to broaden the sphere of security studies, feminists emphasize those aspects of security that have been ignored by the dominant social science. They recognize the presence of women in international security politics and query the state protection which women supposedly receive in time of war and peace (Elshtain, 1995: 49). They also scrutinize the alleged link between women and peace and show that gendered discourses usually affect the entire population. Through highlighting the differences and also exploring the current literature relating to feminist security learning, this review was aimed at showing the reasons as to why the aspects of commonly ignored aspects are actually critical to the study of security. Instead of simply being a supplement to the prevailing security theory, feminist security studies require utmost consideration to enable full understanding of the world.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Lord of the rings

Favorite book Book of choice: Lord of the rings Why one should read the Lord of the Rings The Lord of the rings was written in by Mr.. Jar Tolkien between year 1937 and 1949 and is said to be one of the greatest fantasy novels ever written. Using a combination of lore depth and beautiful language the novel has become one of the most popular books ever to be published, selling over 150 million copies worldwide.There are many reasons why this particular novel is said to one, if not the best epic fantasy evolve ever written, one of these reasons is the vivid world in which Tolkien has put so much effort and detail. Tolkien manages to create as well as bring the reader into an amazing fantasy world so vivid, and detailed that it leaves the reader with a feeling of having been there themselves. Tolkien carefully describes landscapes, characters and situations in a way that makes the universe of Middle earth seem almost likely to exist.Another great factor to the success of the Novel could be the many languages. Tolkien manages to create specific languages which suit the different races of middle earth, such as the beautiful eleven language which has several dialects and accents which also different in a varied grade. The eleven language gives depth and mystery to these ancestral beings, It is complex yet equally beautiful. Likewise the â€Å"dark tongue of mirror† or black speech as It Is often referred to sets the proper dark mood and feeling of those whom would dare speak It.Nevertheless the main function these languages carry is the depth it brings to the culture and existence of the races and characters. Few works of art can be said to match Lord of the rings when It comes to he detailed history and cultures he describes In The Lord of the Rings, except perhaps by other works by J. R. R Tolkien himself. The history Is both quite exciting as well as meaningful, with no shortages of surprises and exciting turns along the way. Furthermore there Is little Con sidering this there Is little doubt why this novel has become one of the most legendary novels of all time.The amazingly written novel explains a vivid world filled with history, lore and beauty as well as an Imminent threat. Likewise the beautiful languages, as well as the way the story Is written brings specific dimension and â€Å"feeling† to the Journey of the mall characters. One could also mention the dramatic character developments, as well as deep messages which come forth throughout the novel, but perhaps It Is best to leave that to possible future readers to figure out by themselves. Hose ancestral beings, it is complex yet equally beautiful. Likewise the â€Å"dark tongue of mirror† or black speech as it is often referred to sets the proper dark mood and feeling of those whom would dare speak it. Nevertheless the main function these characters. Few works of art can be said to match Lord of the rings when it comes to he detailed history and cultures he descri bes in The Lord of the Rings, except perhaps by other works by J. R. R Tolkien himself.The history is both quite exciting as Furthermore there is little Considering this there is little doubt why this novel has explains a vivid world filled with history, lore and beauty as well as an imminent threat. Likewise the beautiful languages, as well as the way the story is written brings a specific dimension and â€Å"feeling† to the Journey of the main characters. One could come forth throughout the novel, but perhaps it is best to leave that to possible future readers to figure out by themselves.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Anton Chekhovs `Heartache` and William Faulkners `A Rose for Emily`

Throughout his work Faulkner demonstrates this ability to create characters whose loneliness functions both as a dramatic fact and as a psychological theme. In The Sound and the Fury Quentin Compson's personal despair, or sense of irrevocable isolation, is related to his puritan meddling with the lives of others. In As I Lay Dying the individual members of the Bundren family are motivated by secret and lonely desires that are in strong contrast to the apparent solidarity of the family venture.Darl Bundren's madness is the price he pays for a full understanding of human loneliness, of how â€Å"the clotting which is you† struggles to preserve its identity in the relentless flux of time. The moral themes of Light in August are directly related to Joe Christmas's puritan loneliness. But his loneliness is only a product of his desperate search for moral absolution. Human isolation is implicitly identified in such novels with the search for selfhood in a dynamic and time-ridden wor ld.An individual's sense of isolation is never a quality imposed upon him by circumstances; it is rooted in human nature, and circumstances only bring to light its destructive consequences. Loneliness has its particular origin at the heart of puritan self-consciousness, when man tries to create a bulwark of morality and reason against the fear that nothing in this world really matters. Only Faulkner's nonrational characters are free of the destructive fluctuation between moral pride and amoral despair.His primitive characters are never lonely; they never see themselves as isolated human agents. Faulkner's success in portraying human loneliness lies in the fact that only individuals can be lonely — and the characters of his early novels are always individuals. But in Faulkner's later novels a character's sense of isolation is treated primarily as an abstract or universal theme. The opposition between man and his social world becomes a question of philosophy and not of dramatic organization.Atmosphere is defined in the Dictionary of World Literature as â€Å"The particular world in which the events of a story or a play occur: time, place, conditions, and the attendant mood. † When, as in â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the world depicted is a confusion between the past and the present, the atmosphere is one of distortion–of unreality. This unreal world results from the suspension of a natural time order. Normality consists in a decorous progression of the human being from birth, through youth, to age and finally death. Preciosity in children is as monstrous as idiocy in the adult, because both are unnatural.Monstrosity, however, is a sentimental subject for fiction unless it is the result of human action–the result of a willful attempt to circumvent time. When such circumvention produces acts of violence, as in â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the atmosphere becomes one of horror. Horror, however, represents only the extreme form of ma ladjusted nature. It is not produced in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† until the final act of violence has been disclosed. All that has gone before has prepared us by producing a general tone of mystery, foreboding, decay, etc. so that we may say the entire series of events that have gone before are â€Å"in key†Ã¢â‚¬â€œthat is, they are depicted in a mood in which the final violence does not appear too shocking or horrible.We are inclined to say, â€Å"In such an atmosphere, anything may happen. † Foreshadowing is often accomplished through atmosphere, and in this case the atmosphere prepares us for Emily's unnatural act at the end of the story. Emily is portrayed as â€Å"a fallen monument,† a monument for reasons which we shall examine later, fallen because she has shown herself susceptible to death (and decay) after all.In the mention of death, we are conditioned (as the psychologist says) for the more specific concern with it later on. The second paragraph depicts the essential ugliness of the contrast: the description of Miss Emily's house â€Å"lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps–an eyesore among eyesores. † (A juxtaposition of past and present. ) We recognize this scene as an emblematic presentation of Miss Emily herself, suggested as it is through the words â€Å"stubborn and coquettish. The tone–and the contrast–is preserved in a description of the note which Miss Emily sent to the mayor, â€Å"a note on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink,† and in the description of the interior of the house when the deputation from the Board of Aldermen visit her: â€Å"They were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow. It smelled of dust and disuse–a close, dank smell. † In the next paragraph a description of Emily discloses her similarity to the house: â€Å"She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue.Emily had not always looked like this. When she was young and part of the world with which she was contemporary, she was, we are told, â€Å"a slender figure in white,† as contrasted with her father, who is described as â€Å"a spraddled silhouette. † In the picture of Emily and her father together, framed by the door, she frail and apparently hungering to participate in the life of her time, we have a reversal of the contrast which has already been presented and which is to be developed later.Even after her father's death, Emily is not monstrous, but rather looked like a girl â€Å"with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows–sort of tragic and serene. † The suggestion is that she had already begun her entrance into that nether-world (a world which is depicted later as â€Å"rose-tinted†), but that she might even yet have been sa ved, had Homer Barron been another kind of man. Just as Emily refused to acknowledge the death of her father, she now refuses to recognize the death of Colonel Sartoris. He had given his word, and according to the traditional view, â€Å"his word† knew no death.It is the Past pitted against the Present –the Past with its social decorum, the Present with everything set down in â€Å"the books. † Emily dwells in the Past, always a world of unreality to us of the Present. Here are the facts which set the tone of the story and which create the atmosphere of unreality which surrounds it. It is important, too, to realize that during the period of Emily's courtship, the town became Emily's allies in a contest between Emily and her Grierson cousins, â€Å"because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been. The cousins were protecting the general proprieties against which the town (and the times) was in gradual rebellion. Just as each s ucceeding generation rebels against its elders, so the town took sides with Emily against her relations. Had Homer Barron been the proper kind of man, it is implied, Miss Emily might have escaped both horns of the dilemma (her cousins' traditionalism and Homer's immorality) and become an accepted and respected member of the community.The town's attitude toward the Grierson cousins represents the usual ambiguous attitude of man toward the past: a mixture of veneration and rebelliousness. The unfaithfulness of Homer represents the final act in the drama of Emily's struggle to escape from the past. From the moment that she realizes that he will desert her, tradition becomes magnified out of all proportion to life and death, and she conducts herself as though Homer really had been faithful–as though this view represented reality.Miss Emily's position in regard to the specific problem of time is suggested in the scene where the old soldiers appear at her funeral. There are, we are told, two views of time: (1) the world of the present, viewing time as a mechanical progression in which the past is a diminishing road, never to be encountered again; (2) the world of tradition, viewing the past as a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from (us) now by the narrow bottleneck of the most recent decade of years. The first is the view of Homer Barron and the modern generation in Jefferson.The second is the view of the older members of the Board of Aldermen and of the confederate soldiers. Emily holds the second view, except that for her there is no bottleneck dividing her from the meadow of the past. Emily's small room above stairs has become that timeless meadow. In it, the living Emily and the dead Homer have remained together as though not even death could separate them. It is the monstrousness of this view which creates the final atmosphere of horror, and the scene is intensified by the portrayal of the unchanged objects which have surrounded H omer in life.Here he lay in the roseate atmosphere of Emily's death-in-life: â€Å"What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust. † The symbols of Homer's life of action have become mute and silent. Contrariwise, Emily's world, though it had been inviolate while she was alive, has been invaded after her death–the whole gruesome and unlovely tale unfolded.In the first place, she has been frustrated by her father, prevented from participating in the life of her contemporaries. When she attempts to achieve freedom, she is betrayed by a man who represents the new morality, threatened by disclosure and humiliation. Loneliness is associated rhetorically with abstract humanity. Simultaneously it becomes a cause less for despair than for transcendental affirmation, a theme related in A Fable to the Marsha l's faith in irrevocable human evil.The loneliest experience of all, the reader is told in this novel, is just breathing. But in its identification with the human condition, the concept of loneliness loses all personal meaning. Only by declining to state such identifications can the novelist successfully establish them. In his best work Faulkner demonstrates that loneliness is a particular, never a universal state of mind. Loneliness is not an abstract concept of human experience but the world in which each individual must live.Chekhov in his story, â€Å"Heartache,† dealt with being old and alone in the city. In â€Å"Heartache,† an old cabby lamented the fact that his son had died before him. He was then alone with no one to take care of him and with no one to learn from him. He was completely alone, abused by people, with no one to help him bear his grief. He earned enough to feed his horse and not much else. He slept on a bench in a large room with the other cabbie s. One wonders how long he would last with hunger, cold, and loneliness on his old, tired heels. (Williames 132)