The Filipino Christmas: A Reflection of One’s Tradition

Christmas is more than just a celebration; for most Filipino-Christians it is a way of welcoming the coming of their savior Jesus Christ. Being in a country were catholic is dominant, church plays a big role when it comes to Christmas, for the nine dawns before Christmas they have something called Simbang Gabi where they attend mass for the nine mornings leading up to Christmas. I think it is believed that if you attend all the masses, you can make a wish. Since it was really early in the morning and a bit chilly Filipinos normally look for something warm to eat and there are vendors selling food such as Puto Bumbong and Bibingka. Simbang Gabi is forever a part of the Filipino Christmas which is distinct from other countries who also celebrates Christmas.Another tradition is the reunion and for young Filipinos, it is the time when most grins are seen, parents are less likely to scold them, school works do not give too much pressure because there’s none, candies and chocolates fill their stomachs, and ninangs and ninongs fnally appear with their heart-warming gifts or aguinaldos, best dresses are worn and new shoes pamper their feet. For the old ones, this is the time when â€Å"thank you† becomes a common expression, sweat shirts and long sleeves which were kept in the deepest part of the closet are finally worn, and friends, both old and new, finally meet for the longest time.Living in a place who has different traditions during Christmas has showed me something very different even though we don’t celebrate it, I learned to be thankful for the family that I have around me during Christmas and I learned that receiving is not everything, it is always better to give.

Driving Force of Regionalism Essay

To what extent and in what ways have the driving forces of regionalism in South-east Asia changed since the end of the Cold War? Regionalism has become a trend in many regions of the world. Among them, Europe, North America and Asia (Asia Pacific region) are crucial ones. Some observers argue that the world order have been divided between these three regions with the existence of the European Union (EU), the North American Free trade Agreement (NFTA) and The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This divergent part of the world requires comprehensive realization to make sense of how they have developed throughout history. In particular, writing the history of Southeast Asia remains a challenge as it involves the understanding of ‘societies that often took quite different view of the past †¦(and) a region where the implications of that historical tradition may have a political significance’[1]. Clapham notes that it is even more challenging to analyse foreign policy making in Southeast Asia region[2]. The early 1970’s was a significant period for the states in this region as i t was during this time that five countries decided to join together and define their position in the Cold War between two superpowers and claimed their neutrality. The fact that ASEAN has come up with such a policy is interesting to look at as it gives not only an insight of the driving forces of regionalism in Southeast Asia but also how these developing states saw themselves and formulate their foreign policy in the post-Cold War period. This paper aims to analyse ASEAN’s behaviour in order to access to what extent regionalism has changed since the end of Cold War in Southeast Asia. In that, regionalism would be conceived as ‘a state-led or states-led project designed to reorganize a particular regional space along defined economic and political lines’[3]. The discussion is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the useful theoretical insights of security community to explain why ASEAN states cooperate in the midst of new security challenge in the region. The second part identifies the diplomacy of ASEAN during the post-Cold War period. Given the confine of this paper, the discussion specifically examines the event of the Spratly Islands and the creation of ARF. In the concluding section, achievements and prospects for ASEAN will be addressed. The central argument that this paper advance is that regionalism in Southeast Asia has changed and the changes have been  driven and constrained by the security condition during the post-Cold War era where a regional power vacuum is found. ASEAN emerged from the Cold War as a regional organization in 1967. With the accession of Cambodia, it seemed to be fulfilling the aspirations of its founding fathers to expand membership to include all ten Southeast Asian countries. However, with the end of Cold War and the settlement of Cambodian conflict, ASEAN is facing a new challenge related to issues of security and stability in the post-Cold War regional environment[4]. According to the Bangkok Declaration of 1967, the goal of ASEAN is to ‘accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region; to safeguard the political and economic stability of the region against big power rivalry; and to serve as a forum for the resolution of intra-regional differences’[5]. The formation of ASEAN should be seen as a means of maintaining peace and stability by providing a forum for the discussion and resolution of regional issues relating to security. There are indeed a number of incidents to show that security issue is the major concern of ASEAN such as the call for a Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN), the 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation and ASEAN’s role in the Cambodian conflict in the 1980s. However, with the end of Cold War, ASEAN faced a new challenge to its goal when the security environment of South-east Asia was transformed by the change from the old bipolar Cold War security system to the new emerging multipolar system. The new power pattern in the region forced the ASEAN states to cooperate as they realized the security could be in danger if they do not collaborate to improve the situation. This kind of behaviour of the ASEAN states can be best explained by Deutsch’s discussion of security communities. This was especially evident in the study of regional integration and some scholars argued that the concept of security community provides the most useful framework to analyze ASEAN regionali sm. According to Deutsch, a security community is a group that has become integrated and accompanied by formal or informal institutions or practices in order to assure peaceful change among members of a group over a long period of time[6]. Essentially, members within the community retain their independence and sovereignty. The two attributes of such a community are marked by the absence of war and organized violence. To be more specific, as  Yalem notes, a regional security community is a group of states which have ‘renounced the use of force as a means of resolving intra-regional conflicts’[7]. Deutsch further adds that there should be no contingency planning or war-oriented resource mobilization against other members within a security community. This could be acted as an indicator of whether states have developed ‘dependable expectations of peaceful change’[8]. Furthermore, whether a security community has been achieved can actually ‘be tested operationally in terms of the absence or presence of significant organized preparations for was or larger-scale violence among its members’[9]. When applying the concept of security communities into the study of regionalism, it is import ant to make a distinction between security community and a security regime. Buzan defines security regime as ‘a group of states cooperate to manage their disputes and avoid war by seeking to mute the security dilemma both by their own actions and by their assumptions about the behaviour of others’[10]. Although this seems similar to the concept of security community, there is a major difference in that a security regime refers to a situation where the interests of the actors are both not wholly compatible and competitive. Thus, the resulting relationship is rather hostile and the use of force is hindered only by a balance of power[11]. In comparison, a security community is based ‘on a fundamental, unambiguous and long-term convergence of interests among the actors regarding the avoidance of war’[12]. In this context, ASEAN regionalism is more likely to be conceptualized as the process of building the security community rather than the latter. Although a security community seems to be constructed on the ground of interests and identities rather than the idea of common threat, recent literature sketched by Adler and Barnett stress that a security community can actually be triggered by common threat such as ‘cataclysmic events’[13]. As Adler puts it, the concept of a community is ‘the idea that actors can share values, norms, and symbols that provide a social identity, and engage in various interactions in myriad spheres that reflect long-term interests, diffuse reciprocity and trust, strikes fear’[14]. Furthermore, Hurrell attempts to suggest a series of approaches to study contemporary regionalism. He notes that cooperative arrangements in regional cooperation could serve a number of purposes ‘on the one hand, they can serve as a means of responding to external challenges and of coordinating regional positions  in international institutions or negotiating forums. On the other, they can be developed to secure welfare gains, to promote common values or to solve common problems arising from increased levels of regional interdependence. In the security field, for example, such cooperation can range from the stabilization of a regional balance of power, to the institutionalization of confidence -building measures, to the negotiation of a region-wide security regime.’[15] The concept of security community can be applied to explain the creation and the behaviour of ASEAN. During the time of the Cold War, great power rivalries between the Soviet Union and the US in the region has turned Southeast Asia into a battleground with the regional states being used by the opponents with the attempt to create blocs which support their positions or ideologies in the war. Simultaneously, many states in the region have been oppressed by external powers for centuries and not being treated as a respectable actor in the international agenda. Facing with the same hardship, therefore, they came together and create a region free from external interference. However, with the end of Cold War, the security order in this region is characterized by new factors of conflict and instability and ‘regional policy-makers have expressed misgivings about the strategic uncertainties and conflict-creation potential of a post-Cold War order at the regional level’[16]. Among the regional powers, China, Japan and India are generally being seen as the three leading contenders for influence[17]. For some, the involvement of US in the region as the balance of power is still desirable and the possibility of its withdrawal remains a major worry of the region’s stability[18]. In fact, there are a number of unsolved tensions in the region and most of them revolve around China’s strategic ambitions such as its claims for the Spartly Islands. In responding to the new challenge, the ASEAN states have to reconsider and adjust some of the assumptions and principles underlying ASEAN regionalism in order to contribute to regional security and order embedded in the 1992 Singapore Declaration. In order to examine in what ways the driving forces of regionalism in South-east Asia have changed since the end of the Cold War, it is essential to look at some case studies of ASEAN’s post-Cold War diplomacy: China’s claims for the Spratly Islands and ASEAN’s response Situated in the South China Sea, the Spratly Islands consists of islets and reefs with suspected deposits of oil and gas[19]. The disputes involve China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Many worried that the dispute will turn into a potential source of armed conflict involving ASEAN members particularly because ‘the likelihood of any agreement on the joint development of the islands involving all the claimants, as proposed by some regional policy-makers and analysts, has limited plausibility’[20]. In view of this, other ASEAN members initiated efforts to address the security issue which was seen as a destabilizing force in the region in the post-Cold War period. Finally in 1989, it was Indonesia alone launched the South China Sea Workshop (SCSW)[21] to promote peaceful settlement of the dispute by emphasizing the lessons of Cambodian conflict and the lessons from ASEAN regional c ooperation. Although the workshop has been extended to include China, Vietnam and Laos in 1991, there were no collective ASEAN position or action on the dispute. The irony lies on the fact that ‘the Spratly seminars are a unilateral Indonesian initiative, resulting from diplomacy not by ASEAN or even a group within ASEAN but by one member country’[22]. The regional community sense was missing in this incident particularly because Malaysia and the Philippines feared that multilateral forum could lessen their negotiating ability thus making bilateral settlements impossible. As a result, they were not willing to support ASEAN to settle the dispute involving other member states[23]. This indicates their determination to uphold national autonomy and also their perspective to view ASEAN only as a confidence-building forum rather than a regional community[24]. Consequently in 1992, China passed a Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of the People’s Republic of China. The aim of this legislation is for China to formalize far-reaching claims in the South China Sea. The assertiveness of China caused doubt over the effectiveness of the previous launched workshops and made ASEAN members realized that China insisted on unilateral means to solve the problem. ASEAN responded to China’s claims with the ‘ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea’ issued in the same year. The Declaration emphasized the need to ‘resolve all sovereignty and jurisdictional issues pertaining to the South China Sea by peaceful means  without resort to force’ and it urged all parties ‘to exercise constraint’[25]. It has been pointed out that ASEAN has claimed some success by placing the dispute on the agenda of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) with the support of intense lobbying[26]. At the same time, ASEAN has been criticized for failing to negotiate codes of conduct in that China continued to carry on its bilateral agreement with Vietnam in 1993 and Philippines in 1995[27]. However, in a bigger picture, it made clear that all AS EAN members has developed a respect for the codes of conduct enshrined in the 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation on issues relating to peaceful settlement of conflicts and the non-use of force. Evolution of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) The ASEAN Summit of 1992 declared that ‘ASEAN shall seek avenues to engage Member States in new areas of cooperation in security matters’, therefore, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was established in 1993 which ‘serves as a multilateral consultative forum aimed at promoting preventive diplomacy and confidence building among the states in the Asia-Pacific region’[28]. Through the ARF, ASEAN hoped to create regional order based on its own norms as well as the new norm of inclusiveness which is essential to cooperative security[29]. In this content, the ARF provided a test of ASEAN’s norms as the membership of ARF included all the major powers of the international system whereby the regional order in this region would also base on the inclusive approach meaning that the major powers would engage in the management of regional order. In 1995, the Philippines discovered the incident of Mischief Reef by China while ASEAN responded by issuing a joint statement criticizing China[30]. It seems this stand of ASEAN fulfils the idea of community, however, it is only a partial fulfillment due to the fact that the ASEAN members have different interpretations of the conflict. ASEAN consensus is always revolved around the norms of peaceful settlement of conflict which is being seen as the guarantee for stability. However, they did not identify with the position of the Philippines, for instance, Thailand considered the dispute as bilateral and not a dispute between ASEAN and China. Again, the event actually put a test on the ASEAN member’s ability to come up with a collective position. As Malik comments on the future of the Southeast Asia regionalism, he points out that to maintain  peace in the region, it is ‘not only founded on the stability of a balance but is sourced in a sense of shared aspirations and common destiny’[31]. In view of this, the lack of consensus among ASEAN member states indicated their unwillingness to demand standards of behaviour from China which only reinforced the ASEAN’s partial fulfillment as a community. In general, the post-Cold War period has posed unleashing of conflicts in the Asia Pacific region which were effectively suppressed during the colonial era and the subsequent period of superpower rivalry[32]. With the end of bipolarity, there is a greater potential of conflict. This paper has examined ASEAN’s behaviour in security affairs during the post-Cold War ear with the objective of assessing the validity of the idea of community. Many scholars have widely acknowledged ASEAN’s potential to become a regional security community from both within and outside the region. Snitwongse notes that although ASEAN may not be able to fully achieve self-reliance, its most striking achievement has been community building[33]. Simon claims that ASEAN is perhaps a security community in which no member would consider the use of force against each other to settle disputes[34]. In the aftermath of the end of Cold War, the absence of war among the ASEAN members is indeed being recognized by many as a great achievement. Based on the discussion of this paper, it has proved that ASEAN has developed some of the attributes of what Adler and Barnett call it as a ‘nascent security community’ where a number of triggering mechanisms including threat perceptions, shared identity and organizational emulation are present. After three decades of progress in promoting peaceful intra-regional order, ASEAN faced its greatest challenge since the end of Cold War as the current regional security environment remains in a state of uncertainty. Nonetheless, the prospect of a regional power vacuum implies the possibility of ASEAN’s further progress while the question remains whether ASEAN itself can fill the security gap by mobilizing its collective diplomatic and political resources. Bibliography Acharya, A., A New Regional Order In South-East Asia: ASEAN in the Post-Cold War Era, International Institute for Strategic Studies, Adelphi Paper 279, London, 1993 Acharya, A., Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the problem of regional order, London, 2001 Adler, E & Barnett, M., ‘A framework for the study of security communities’, in Adler, E. & Barnett, M (eds.) Security Communities, Cambridge, 1998 ASEAN Secretariat, ASEAN: An Overview, Jakarta, 1995 Buszynski, L., ‘Declining Superpowers: The Impact on ASEAN’, Pacific Review, 3/3, 1990 Buzan, B., People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, New York, 1991 Catley, B. & Keliat, M., Spratlys: The Dispute in the South China Sea, Aldershot, 1997 Deutsch, K.W., ‘Security Communities’, in Rosenau, J (ed.) International Politics and Foreign Policy, New York, 1961 Dewitt, D.B., ‘Common, Comprehensive and Cooperative Security’, Pacific Review, 7/1, 1994 Haacke, J., ‘Seeking Influence: China’s Diplomacy Toward ASEAN After the Asian Crisis’, Asian Perspective, 26/4, 2002 Hill, C., ‘Theories of Foreign Policy Making for the Developing Countries’, in Clapham, C. (ed.) Foreign Policy Making in Developing States: A Comparative Approach, Farnborough, 1977 Hurell, A., ‘Explaining the Resurgence of Regionalism in World Politics’, Review of International Studies, 21/4, 1995 Leifer, M., The ASEAN Regional Forum, Adelphi Paper 302, London, 1996 Payne, A. & Gamble A., Regionalism and World Order, London, 1996 Simon, S., ‘The Regionalization of Defence in Southeast Asia’, Pacific Review, 5/2, 1992 Snitwongse, K., ‘Meeting the Challenges of Changing Southeast Asia’, in Scalapino, R., Sato, S. & Han, S.J. (eds.) Regional Dynamics: Security, Political and Economic Issues in the Asia Pacific Region, Jakarta, 1990 Tarling, N., Southeast Asia: A Modern History, Oxford, 2001 Tow, W.T., Asia-Pacific Strategic Relations: Seeking Convergent Security, New York, 2001 Whiting, A.S., ‘ASEAN Eyes China: The Security Dimension’, Asian Survey, 37/4, 1997 Yalem, R.J., ‘Regional Security Communities’, in Keeton, G.W. & Scharzenberger, G. (eds.) The Yearbook of International Affairs, London, 1979

Research and critically discuss the impact of Taylorism and Fordism on Essay

Research and critically discuss the impact of Taylorism and Fordism on contemporary management approaches and practices - Essay Example For instance, one of the limitations of Taylorism is the absence of autonomy and â€Å"lack of flexibility† (Fruijt, 2003, p. 4) which can make jobs become â€Å"repetitive† and â€Å"boring† (Lucey, 2005, p. 65). On the other hand, Fordism is being criticized for being ineffective when managing business organizations during slow economic growth (Amin, 2003). Even though a lot of modern companies have decided to move away from the use of Taylorism and Fordism when managing people, it is assumed that some forms of management practices and approaches that were introduced under the models of Taylorism and Fordism are still very much applicable in today’s management approaches and practices. To help the readers gain a better understanding of the subject matter, the similarities and differences between Taylorism and Fordism will first be tackled followed by critically analyzing the effects of Taylorism and Fordism on the present-day management approaches and practices. The models of Taylorism and Fordism were very much applicable in managing large-scale manufacturing firms back in 1980s (Henderson, 2011, p. 8). Furthermore, both models of Taylorism and Fordism focused on how to increase mass production efficiency (Tatli, 2008; Amin, 2003, p. 6; Fruijt, 2003). Considered as a traditional strategy used in management planning, Fordism introduced the concept of â€Å"just in case† approach (Alfasi & Portugali, 2004; Amin & Tomaney, 1995, p. 206). In line with this, Fordists’ â€Å"just in case† approach is all about stockpiling either parts or finished goods (Waters, 2013, pp. 80 – 81). Likewise, to reduce employees’ turnover rate and work resistance, Henry Ford decided to introduce the need to pay employees a higher wage for their services (i.e. â€Å"five dollar day†) (Vidal, 2011). Fordism also requires the need to separate business ownership with management control, decentralization, acknowledgement of lab our unions, collective bargaining, and the

Three Arms of Authority Controlling the Public Education Systems Case Study

Three Arms of Authority Controlling the Public Education Systems - Case Study Example NCLB is a foundation project that serves as a federal intervention within the various states in America (Kowalski, 2004, P1, L6). This paper provides insight into the operation structure of the NCLB with a specific case study of individual Superintendents within various public education systems. Â  The case study involved between Dr. Stacy and Billy Pratt yielded various responses with effect to the introduction and implementation of the NCLB act. Dr. Stacy Barstow is instrumental in enforcing instructional improvement and engaging staff development. This is a positive approach as stated in the NCLB act where an education superintendent is significant curriculum personnel. Dr. Stacy also engaged positive approaches by supporting the NCLB objectives through positive remarks during a meeting with school heads. According to the case study, Superintendent Billy Pratt refutes the NCLB act, claiming that the law appeared inconsistent and incompetent (Kowalski, 2004, P3, L9). His arguments draw justification from the provided programs of the special education and other bilingual students. His arguments also criticized ignorance by the federal government on matters of local control. Billy Pratt’s justification may serve as an indicator to demand government careful involvemen t in future acts and educational policies. Â  Superintendent Dr. Stacy’s decision to avoid negative remarks towards the NCLB act shows an unrealistic approach to sensitive educational matters. As such, the move triggered differences among other secondary principals and elementary principals. The decision by Dr. Stacy also signifies an unreliable personality trait that would question individual leadership attributes. Billy Pratt decision to publicly criticize NCLB policies shows disrespect to a given law (Kowalski, 2004, P3, L10).

Education Programme of Tayside Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Education Programme of Tayside - Essay Example To direct my own learning process, I made use of a learning contract with my mentor and the Diabetes Specialist Dietician and prepared a learning program. Diabetic patients are increasing in number which incurs a lot of healthcare cost to the government. 1.2mg of Victoza taken daily is a cost effective way to treat Type-2 Diabetes. Victoza enhances insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion. Patients can take Victoza when the blood glucose becomes higher as measured by the HBAIC blood test, or when they have BMI greater than or equal to 35kg/m. Diabetic patients are referred to the nurses by the diabetes consultants for treatment. The GLP-1 Victoza Group Education Program was started only two years ago but became very popular in very short time, thus imparting the need to start the treatment in group setting. The group setting increased the productivity of the DSNs. Various studies have found Victoza very effective for the treatment of Type-2 Diabetic patients. Particularly whe n it was taken with Metformin daily, it improved the blood sugar control in patients and helped them lose weight. Control of diabetes and patient education reduces a patient’s susceptibility to the risk of nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. All diabetic patients should receive structured education to be able to self-manage their disease. The cheapest way of educating patients is group education as more patients are educated in lesser time, thus saving the time and effort of both the nurses. Group education encourages the adoption of innovative learning approaches, and is thus recommended by payors, educators, and policy makers. I experienced slight difficulty when the teaching session commenced, but the stress wore off me as time passed. I have learnt how to educate the patients with due assistance of the specialist dietician using visual aids which made the sessions interesting for me as well as for the learners. Learners were taught how to administer Vic toza. They were asked to do their first injection themselves. Knowledge of the treatment made the patients feel relieved. The patients were also taught the use of blood sugar meters and the principles of healthy eating. It was an overall good experience, though patients would have developed better concepts of treatment, had they been provided with structured education about diabetes and its treatment beforehand. In addition to the treatment education, patients also need to be made aware of the potential implications of not taking the treatment upon their health, so that they are intrinsically motivated to get the treatment. The treatment program should be supplied with adequate resources. Every treatment program should be supported with a structured curriculum. The current education programme can be accorded with the criteria established by NICE by integrating the philosophy of GLP1 (Victoza/Exenatide) Group Education Programme, curriculum, hand-outs, patient evaluation tools, perio dic peer review, internal quality assurance, and improvement of patients’ diabetes control twice a year in the program. To integrate these factors into the current education programme, I have used the Tayside Diabetes Education Programme to enhance the structure of the GLP-1 Victoza Group Education P

Developing a Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Developing a - Research Proposal Example This brings about the question on whether the scholarships offered by these private schools should be reduced or eliminated altogether as a means of reducing the already overwhelming costs that they are faced with. Though this may seem like a harsh action, it may be a necessary move in a bid to reduce the sizable gap that the schools are faced with as a result of unbalanced books, and it may be an effective of ensuring the schools are not faced with the risk of closure. Based on this issue, a research hypothesis can therefore be developed to determine whether the above mentioned action would be an appropriate move by the private school sector. The hypothesis would be, Scholarships offered by private schools play a big role in widening the gap faced by these institutions. Through studying the effect that scholarships have on a private school’s budget, one is able to determine whether their elimination would play a vital part in reducing the deficit that the institutions usually remain with. Literature Review The issue of scholarships can be considered under the basis of a social responsibility that the private school sector has to the community within which they are based. Despite the fact that there is a deficit in the budget of many of the private schools’ budgets that is not covered by the fees that is paid by their students, the amount of money paid out to them is still significantly higher than that paid in public school meaning many individuals are not able to afford it. Scholarships can be regarded as a means of providing gifted children with a means of attaining quality education despite their financial status and thus their elimination cannot be considered lightheartedly. There are various scholarships that exist categorized depending on how they are issued. Some of the more popular ones include sports and academic scholarships with the former being given on the basis of an individual’s athletic ability. Eradicating scholarships for m the private schools’ program may come off as bias as this would mean that only students form financially well off families would be able to afford the education offered by these institutions and would effectively shut out the individuals in lower economic classes. However, the gap that these institutions face cannot be ignored as well as this may lead to an economic downturn that may result in these schools shutting down. Thus, a solution needs to be arrived at that will allow for both the continued existence of scholarships as well as finding effective means of subsidizing the deficit that is faced by the schools. Research Design, Research Method and Sample Selection The research design chosen to deal with this topic should be in accordance to the nature of the study in order to ensure the most accurate results are obtained (Hancke 101). The most appropriate design in this case would be descriptive such as the conduction of a Case study on the matter. This is because of th e nature of a case study that allows one to study a single unit in relation to the perspective in which it is placed in (Hancke 98). The single unit in this case would be the private education system and the context would be the cost of operating that is involved in these institutions. The research method that would be used to conduct the research would be the conduction of interviews as well as the collection of the financial information of the

English 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English 10 - Essay Example For example, Putzer and Park (16) document how healthcare practitioners use smartphones to attend to their patients at whatever time and whatever location thus save lives. The extended information processing functionalities of smartphones as documented by Osman et al. (275) enables the phone to be used to detect any dangers to human life such as earthquakes as discussed by Riley-Smith, thus improve on human safety. Finally, smartphones have improved on the economy of communities by creating job opportunities for application developers and providing a larger market for mobile devices as statistically documented by Evans. Albeit various researchers have pointed out the benefits accruing from the smartphone technology, there has been criticism on the negative impact of this technology to the society. According to Cornell, high cost, distraction, typing difficulty and compromised data security are among the limitations of smartphones. Putzer and Park (16) cite users’ discontent wi th smaller screen sizes of smartphones which jeopardizes readability. According to Ullman, the Internet has created â€Å"a world of little wordless pictograms† (640). ... The Internet has indeed transformed the use of mobile devices, allowing for versatility and portability. Smartphones, particularly, provide the capability to check emails, manage social accounts and surf the Internet as noted by Ismail et al., thus allowing users to continue with their tasks wherever they go. However, Ullman (642) considers this as a killer to the art of communication in communities as users would be engaged on such activities most of the time. Whereas men have majorly been considered as being attracted to technology, Ismail et al. in their studies find out smartphone technology to be more popular among female healthcare practitioners. Thus, this technology could be said to be popular across genders. Its popularity keeps rising with Evans projecting sales of over a billion smartphones in 2013.With a constant upgrade of its capabilities, smartphones will continue taking over markets initially dominated by other mobile computing devices such as tablets. Works Cited Cor nell, Scott. â€Å"Disadvantages of Smart Phones.† The Chron. Web. 5 Oct. 2013. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-smart-phones-54076.html Evans, Benedict. â€Å"Smartphones are Eating the World.† Infographics n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2013. Ismail, W. K. W., et al. â€Å"Acceptance of Smartphone in Enhancing Patient-Caregivers Relationship.† Journal of Technology Management & Innovation 17.3 (2012). Web. 5 Oct. 2013. Osman, M. A., et al. â€Å"A Study of the Trend of Smartphone and its Usage Behavior in Malaysia.† International Journal on New Computer Architectures and Their Applications 2.1 (2012): 274 – 285. Putzer,

Teenage pregnancy in ireland Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Teenage pregnancy in ireland - Thesis Example The teenage pregnancy is a contentious issue in Ireland, and the problem is especially pronounced in County Louth which is one of smallest counties in Ireland with the highest rate of teenage pregnancies (Crisis Pregnancy Agency, 2007). Many society members view most cases of teenage pregnancy as a burden and a barrier to the achievement of the necessary education status and employment standards. However, there is also a growing acceptance of non-standard family models. This research will aim to explore the attitudes of the society toward teenage pregnancy. The literature review will comprehensively discuss the problem of teenage pregnancy, teenage birth rates in Ireland, risk factors and health risks of teenage pregnancies to provide the theoretical aspects of the research on teenage pregnancy as well as the society attitudes toward young mothers. According to Keller (2002), the rate of teenage pregnancies in both County Louth and Dublin is the same i.e. 6.8pc. However, the statisti cs from the 2002 research could be currently different due to the fact that the difference in the sizes of the two cities leads to a difference in the social norms. Being larger than County Lough, the teenage birth rates could be higher in Dublin because the sexual activities will be more rampant, the catholic culture will have less impact, and the multicultural impact is high. The 2010 statistics from the Central Statistics Office (CSO) indicates that teenage pregnancy in Ireland has been reduced in significant levels and it led to birth of 2, 043 babies for the mothers under the age of 20 (CSO, 2010). This was a decline from the 2006 statistics, when 2352 cases represented 0.4% of the total births among women that year (Crisis Pregnancy Agency, 2007). Majority of the teenage births are noted among girl between eighteen to nineteen years old. For example,

APPLY THE LEARNING CURVE THEORY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

APPLY THE LEARNING CURVE THEORY - Research Paper Example The curve helps an organization to tune it finely from all directions. If an organization has the knowledge of handling the entire process, it can make informed decisions. The simulation describes the opening of a Pizza store by Mario in Palm Springs which was situated I a mall where there was potentiality to succeed and make profits as there was traffic of customers. Mario although faced many challenges of customer dissatisfaction. The dissatisfaction moved to an extent that most customers left the store without purchasing due to waiting for a very long time. What Mario should therefore aim is the retention of the old customers and getting more new consumers of his product. For the goals to be achieved there are changes or alternatives that should be employed by Mario. Mario is required to reduce the time customers use in waiting. The time should be cut down from nine minutes. Mario also have to balance their demand of service and provide appropriate service to the clients. If this can be rectified Mario’s business would be profitable. As Mario has a small business the learning curve can be very profitable and helpful to him. The process they use can adapt concepts of the learning curve in very many ways. The learning curve has been removed from the chronological observation that people who do recurring roles exhibit a development in task performance in many times. The empirical studies of this occurrence give rise to three conclusions based on current practice and theory. The period required to carry out a role diminishes with the repeat of the task. The quantity of development has adequate consistency to let its function as a tool of prediction (Hugh J. R et al, 2012) In the simulation a process data of performance was compiled. There was the choice to change cooks, staff, 4 person and 2 person tables to have to give the maximum service without interfering with the profits. The table above shows how the profit goes up every time

The long term effects of drug abuse on the unborn fetus of a pregnant Dissertation

The long term effects of drug abuse on the unborn fetus of a pregnant mother - Dissertation Example It is believed that drug abuse by pregnant mothers causes maladaptive behaviors stemming from Axis II diagnosis including (but not limited to) bipolar disorders, borderline personality disorders, schizophrenia, conduct disorders, antisocial and learning disorders. Introduction Substance abuse is linked to a number of different physical and mental defects in the offspring of abusers. A large volume of research exists on the phenomenon and its various dimensions. The physical and mental disabilities endowed to the fetus of substance abusers are complex and have thus been categorized into various systems for closer examination. This research will largely be concerned with a systematic study of long term effects on the fetuses of substance abusers based on Axis II diagnosis alone. A large amount of rich material both of a qualitative and quantitative nature exists for the current research area. The current research will rely on the examination of existing literature since it has both qua ntitative findings and quantitative findings. This will allow the current research to utilize qualitative methods in order to derive qualitative findings that are supported by quantitative results. The current research could have been geared for a pure mixed methods research but the shortage of time and resources precludes any such methods. In order to investigate fetuses that are born from substance abusing mothers, a large sample set and an adequate amount of time is required. The typical time required for such research would be at least a few years since the born child would only display Axis II disorders when they reach their early learning years. However, the shortage of time and the lack of access to a large sample set ready to participate in quantitative research require that the current research be geared towards qualitative methods alone. As mentioned before, the provision of both qualitative and quantitative results also supports the contention that a comprehensive literat ure review would suffice for the current research. Background to Drug Abuse during Pregnancy Drug abuse refers to the consumption of drugs without direct medical advice or supervision. It is widely believed that drug abuse relates to the recreational abuse of mood altering substances but the use of any drugs for performance enhancement is also essentially drug abuse. Based on this classification, drug abuse involves drugs that are mood altering, performance enhancing as well as psychoactive in character. The use of any forms of drugs, whether legal or illegal, is considered as drug abuse as long as there is no medical justification for their use (Ksir & Ray, 2002). Another major feature of drug abuse is the dependence created by drug use. Drug abusers or substance abusers require continuous consumption of the subject drug in order to satisfy their body’s urges. The number of drugs being abused around the world is too large to be discussed within the framework of this research alone. However, the most common feature displayed by all used drugs is the tendency of the user to rely excessively on the subject drug for mood altering or performance enhancement purposes (Barrett, Meisner, & Stewart, 2008). The dependency of the drug abuser on the drugs causes the greatest problems during pregnancy because the drug abuser is unable to

American Idiot Essay Example for Free

American Idiot Essay The song that I chose to write about is titled American Idiot by Green Day. This song was on Green Day’s album titled American Idiot. This album was originally released in 2004. American Idiot, the song, peaked at number 61 on the Billboard Hot 100. My reason for choosing this song is that it talks about how the media runs society and how people shouldn’t let the media run their lives. The main social issue that is talked about in this song is how the media runs our lives and society. One of the lines in the song is â€Å"Don’t wanna be an American idiot, one nation controlled by the media. † This line refers to how people in America rely heavily on the media for everything. They trust every word that is printed in a newspaper or magazine or said on television without question. People hang on every word that is pumped through the media. I don’t consider this to be a personal problem because it refers to all people being controlled by the media. It is not as if the singer in the song is the only one that the media affects. Media is worldwide ways of letting people know what is going on around them. What Billy Joe Armstrong is saying throughout this song is that people need to realize is that not everything that a person hears is necessarily true and people should not panic just because of what the news says. Green Day is an American rock band that was formed in 1987. the group consists of three members: Billy Joe Armstrong(vocals), Tre` Cool(drums), and Mike Dirnt(bass). In 1988, they signed to Lookout Records and then in 1989 they released their first EP titled 1,000 Hours. However, the band didn’t have much success until it released the album Kerplunk in 1993. After Kerplunk’s success, Green Day proceeded to leave Lookout Records and sign with Reprise Records. In 1994, they released their first major label debut, Dookie. Over the next few years, Green Day would have much success but then decided to take a break in 1996. They returned in 1997. When they returned, they began to work on a new full-length album. This album was entitled Nimrod and was released in October of 1997. This album deviated from their normally pop-punk style of music and gave listeners a variety of music. They didn’t release another album until 2000 when they released Warning which further continued their new sound that they started with Nimrod. After releasing Warning, they were nominated for 8 awards in the California Music Awards. They won all eight awards. The band then continued their success over the next few years. In 2004 the band released American Idiot. And then in 2006 they won the Grammy for record of the year because of the track Boulevard of Broken Dreams which spent 16 weeks at the top of the charts. The lyrics to American Idiot are as follows: â€Å"Dont wanna be an American idiot. Dont want a nation under the new mania. And can you hear the sound of hysteria? The subliminal mindfuck America. Welcome to a new kind of tension. All across the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue. Well maybe Im the faggot America. Im not a part of a redneck agenda. Now everybody do the propaganda. And sing along in the age of paranoia. Welcome to a new kind of tension. All across the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue. Dont wanna be an American idiot. One nation controlled by the media. Information age of hysteria. Its calling out to idiot America. Welcome to a new kind of tension. All across the alienation. Everything isnt meant to be okay. Television dreams of tomorrow. Were not the ones whore meant to follow. For thats enough to argue. †

Peking man Essay Example for Free

Peking man Essay The theory of evolution is backed up by fossils of the ‘Peking man’ found in China during the early twentieth century. The current human species is believed to be the descendant of the Homo erectus, our predecessor species with a smaller brain and upright stature; the Peking man is a subspecies of this group and the corresponding fossil remains were estimated to be nearly 550,000 years old. However, recent Chinese fossil findings conducted by Nanjing Normal University in 2008 suggest the age of a Peking man skull to be at least 750,000 years old. The Homo erectus species is believed to have migrated from Africa approximately 2 Million years ago to Asia. The new estimated age of the Peking man fossils puts forward the possibility of two different subspecies having settled in different parts of Asia during the same timeline. The Homo erectus species had inhabited China and other parts of Southeast Asia for over half a million years. According to University of Iowa’s Russell Ciochon, the Peking man is likely to have coexisted with other Homo erectus subspecies; while one group of Homo erectus is assumed to have settled down in subtropical areas of Zhoukoudian in China, the unfamiliar weather could have driven the other group Southeast which could have evolved into what we today refer to as Peking man (Handwerk 2009). Ciochon uses the phrase â€Å"fork in the road† as an analogy to explain this situation (Handwerk 2009). This subspecies is assumed to have possessed the ability to make tools out of stone and walk upright. Also, its brain size being almost 75% the size of a Homo erectus makes it’s the closest descendant to human beings. The other group of Homo erectus settled in Zhoukoudian is believed to have enjoyed a good supply of food and familiar environment, giving rise to the subspecies Homo erectus pekinensis. The earlier timeline would also mean that this subspecies lived in a more pleasant climate in the grasslands. Moreover, fossil evidence of animal bones indicates that this group of Homo erectus settled in China consumed meat. This inviting proposition of food and pleasant weather could have given raise to the early Homo sapiens to migrate from Africa to Asia. Homo sapiens are quite different from Homo erectus since they are marked by a more â€Å"rounded skull, divided brow ridge, and chin† (Platt 2008). One school of thought spearheaded by Hou Ya-mei of Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology points out the possibility of modern Homo sapiens coexisting, interbreeding or even fighting with Homo erectus, thereby observing the theory of ‘survival of the fittest’ in action (Platt 2008). The present human race is believed to have originated out of Africa 60,000 years ago. The differences in Homo erectus fossil patterns in Asia and other parts of the world had given rise to discrepancy, which can be explained by a â€Å"secondary migration from Africa† (University Of Cambridge). Even though this theory makes sense to an extent, Susan Anton of New York University is pessimistic about the supporting data given to back up claims of two separate settlements of Homo erectus. She simply mentions the possibility of any number of migrations can be claimed, but those claims will continue to be void without strong supporting evidence. She furthers states that evidence such as the routes taken by the Homo erectus groups or a central cohesive point of origin in Africa would be needed to connect the â€Å"Out of Africa† theory and these claimed migrations. However, Anton concludes by admitting that this theory and the change in the timeline would help explain why the Homo erectus had persisted longer in continental Asia. Reference Handwerk, B. (2009, Mar 12). Peking Man Lived 200,000 Years Earlier Than Thought. National Geographic News. Retrieved 24 March, 2009, http://news. nationalgeographic. co. in/news/2009/03/090312-peking-man. html Platt, K. H. (2008, Feb 20). Ancestral Human Skull Found in China. National Geographic News. Retrieved 24 March, 2009, http://news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2008/02/080220-china-fossil. html University Of Cambridge (2007, May 10). New Research Confirms Out Of Africa Theory of Human Evolution. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 24, 2009, from http://www. sciencedaily. com ­ /releases/2007/05/070509161829. htm

How Music Effects Emotions On People Psychology Essay

How Music Effects Emotions On People Psychology Essay I made a decision to pick up music on the day that I found out how amazing music was. I sat into a band practice where they played a piece called Fire Dance. Ironically, when the band started playing, I had a brief scene of a calm ocean, with ripples of waves coming towards me. As the band continued, and as the music got louder, faster and more intense, I experienced fierce and powerful ocean waves crashing down on each other. This is possibly due to the clashing of cymbals that always happen right after the band reaches the peak of its crescendo. I use the term experienced because I not only had an image of it, but I also became engulfed by emotions that had so suddenly sprung out from nowhere. The most expressive words that I can use for the emotions I had felt from the music and image are grace, power and majesty. I was so overwhelmed by the majesty of the music that I cried a few tears and I had slight breathing difficulties because my chest had felt tight. This was all new to me . I had no prior music training and neither did the music trigger any past memories. I had finally understood why people become musicians. I glanced around after the band finished playing, and realised that I was the only one who was affected by the music. I was somewhat embarrassed by my reaction. So far, this is my most vivid and interesting experience brought to me by music. There are two positions on how music effects emotions on us. One is the cognitivist view which supports music as appearing to evoke emotions, the brain acknowledges the emotions in the music, but the listener does not experience any actual emotions (Thompson,2009). The other is the emotivist view which supports the idea of emotions being induced by music, and these emotions are felt, which is observed by physiological arousals (Storr, 1992). Music presents emotions through the characteristics of music (such as musical contour, tempo and modality). These characteristics mould the type of emotions experienced by the listener (Kivy,1980,Thompson). One theory suggests music as a language, where various emotions are brought across by different types of musical intervals. For example, an augmented fourth expresses distress, while a major third can express happiness (Cooke, 1959)/(Thompson, 2009). Upon hearing the sounds, the brain interprets it as music, and evaluates or appraises the music to create physiological responses (Zajonc, 1980, Thompson). The arousal of the autonomic nervous system is the response of an animal to an environmental stimulus. This includes changes in breathing rate, heart rate and blood pressure. Since this similar response may also be observed after an exercise, they do not necessarily represent an emotional response. Therefore, cognitive processing is required to link arousal with music, in order to form an emotional experience (Mandler, 1984, Thompson). It is to be noted that this point of view incorporates cognitive reasoning into the emotivist position, but do not support the cognitivist position. Humans have an innate arousal response to unexpected occurrence of events. According to Mandler, composers have the ability to generate increases in arousal by manipulating the expectancy of the listeners, and this ability differentiates music from other stimuli (Mandler, in Thompson, 2009). The expectancy theory explains that deviation of music from the expectations of the listener creates tension/arousal, which is, as discussed above, emotion. Music preference is related to the degree of arousal. It is found that a balanced/moderate degree of incongruity is most preferred, as high incongruity makes the music confusing and unpleasant, and no incongruity makes the music predictable and boring. In other words, deviation from expectancy is directly correlated to degree of arousal, and music of moderate levels of incongruity is considered most pleasant (Berlyne, in Thompson, 2009). These perceived sound patterns (music characteristics/incongruity) of music are experienced by emotions (M eyer, 1956). Experiments have proven emotions are induced by music. Sloboda (1991) conducted a survey on music and physical responses. The results show that many people experience emotions when they listen to music, and some of the emotions experienced include shivers, laughter, tears, racing heart, sweating (Thompson, 2009). A blind experiment was conducted by Rickard, Nikki (2004) to investigate the presence of a difference in physiological arousal between more and less emotionally powerful music (EPM). 21 healthy participants (12 males, 9 females) with varying ages (mean of 25.5years, standard deviation of 8.48) were given music treatments of 3 experimenter-chosen music treatments, and 1 EPM of the individuals choice. The individuals EPM was open to any music genre, but was standardised to a limited duration of 5 to 10 minutes. The other 3 fixed music treatments were: relaxing music, arousing music and a non-musical film scene that will induce intense emotions. Each individuals gender, personality and level of musical experience was noted, but was found that none of these factors produced any significant contribution that can change the level of physiological arousal (Rickard, 2004). Tests were done before and after administering each music treatment, by using saliva sampling, questionnaires, event recorder and sensor electrodes attached to the body to measure various physiological responses. This was to test for hormone (cortisol) production levels, skin temperature and conductance, heart rate, chills and muscle tension (Rickard, 2004). The results taken from the skin conductance and number of chills per minute displayed a very significant increase in arousal for the EPM. It also shows that EPM produces very high levels of physiological arousal, and less EPM produced less arousal. No meaningful conclusions could be found from the other recorded data due to the presence of high variability of results (Rickard, 2004). Studies of Music on Heart Rate Other studies have also found that heart rate, breathing rate, skin conductance are all affected by musical stimulus. Heart rate increases when people are exposed to music with fast tempos and rhythm, loud volume, or any other type of music that stimulates the auditory nerves; and slow tempos and rhythm, smooth melodic harmonies, depressing, sedative and relaxing music will decrease heart rate (Bartlett,1996). Studies of Music on Skin Conductance Producing similar results to Rickards experiment, 4 studies on skin conductance have produced a positive relationship between the change of skin conductivity, and enjoyment (liking) of the music (Bartlett, 1996). However, one experiment found no change in skin conductivity when the subject was indifferent to the type of musical stimulus administered (Davis, 1934). Studies of Music on Respiration Rate One study found an increase in breathing depth/amplitude when there is a greater liking for the music as well as an increase of the music volume (Ries, 1969). Another study tested on pre-mature infants showed an increase in respiration rate with stimulative music, and decrease with sedative music (Lorch et al, 1994). The majority of these studies shows support for the emotivist position. Rickards experiment should be showing positive relationships in all tested areas. A larger group of subjects should be tested on in order to reduce the variability of results. In relation to Rickards experiment and my experience, my EPM would be the Fire Dance piece, and i stand to support the emotivist position as i had exhibited high levels of physiological arousals. Although Rickards experiment was unable to conclude the results of respiratory rate, other studies of respiratory rate (by Ries and Lorch et al) have shown a positive correlation with stimulative music. Although tears were not one of the arousal tested in Rickards experiment, Slobodas survey explains that it is also a type of physiological arousal from EPM. Rickards 4th treatment of administering the subjects own EPM, the study on respiration rate (Ries) and studies on skin conductance all show positive influence of subjective music on the extent of physiological arousal. A common example of the subjectivity of music preference is an event where one individual is highly aroused by a piece of music, but another who had listened to the same music is unaffected (Addis, 1999). However, the skin conductance test (by Davis, 1934) done with subjects who had no particular liking or dislike for the music that was played to them (not stimulating enough), did not produce any significant changes in physiological arousal (related to expectancy theory). This can help explain the reason i found myself the only one affected in the band room that day. To extend our understanding of why in my experience, the music was able to induce beyond emotions, we can first investigate on how common/rare that this kind of experience takes place by conducting surveys on the public. Some interesting survey questions would be: Have you ever experience images coming into your mind when you listen to music?, Are these images related to your past experiences or do they have no relation at all?, one would think that it would be more common and easier for music to access into our episodic memory and draw out a past experience, but what if random images that come purely from the music itself are actually more common? Is one even more common than another? Another idea would be to conduct an experiment that has 2 aims. The first is to observe any relationship between the extent of how emotionally powerful the music is, and images that are brought to them by the music (if any). The second aim is to investigate if music training actually conforms the types of images seen because of the characteristics of music, and this is done by comparing if those with no musical training would experience images that are not related to what the composer is trying to create, more often than their musically trained counterparts . I suggest that this experiment to be done on two separate groups of participants, the musically trained and those with no musical training. The experiment could be done by choosing subjects who have the same character (e.g. introvert or extrovert) so that the music played to them would be emotionally powerful. It has been found that people of similar character like similar music. Subjects chosen should also come from a range of ages (e.g. from 20-60 years old) so that any relationship found would not be limited to one type of generation. Since we have already chosen the subjects according to a certain character, the music that we chose should have different complexities, to cater to different individual EPM (between each individual, and also for those with musical training background) according to Berlynes inverted U shaped preference-complexity graph (Thompson, 2009). In order for us to find out which music played is the most emotionally powerful to each individual, we can test for the extent of physiological arousal (similar to Rickards experiment). The more emotionally powerful the music is, the greater the physiological arousal. For example, the experiment is done on subjects who are introverts whose favourite genre is classical music. The treatment would be a range of classical music from different composers, and with different complexities. The first treatment given should be the least complex and progresses as the next music is played. The experiment conducted must be a blind experiment, i.e. subjects do not have prior knowledge to the aim of the experiment. After presenting each music, subjects would have to answer questions such as How much do you like the music (selecting from a range of 0-10)?, How did you feel when you listen to the music? and Did any images come to your mind? What images did you see? . We can declare the experiment successful, if the results are able to show a pattern where the more emotionally powerful the music, the higher chances of seeing images. Or if we discover that music training do limit musicians ability to experience a variety of images (or even emotions) created as a res ult of certain characteristics of music that had been taught to create a certain scene. This experiment would probably need to be done on a great number of subjects since it is not common for music to produce images in our minds. In a nutshell, music is interpreted in the brain, and the evaluation and appraisal creates emotions by physiological arousals. Different emotions are induced by the discernment of varying sound patterns. The emotivist position is being supported by results from the various research as well as my experience. However, my experience went beyond mere emotions into images produced by music. Future research could be done to better understand how this is caused.

Censorship and Political Misinformation Essay -- Censorship

Introduction In 1944, after the Red Army invaded Poland and imposed the communist system upon it, large groups of Polish society resisted the attempts at social conversion inspired by Marxist ideologies and Soviet example. Many social echelons were effected by the new social engineering which included, "expropriations, ideological and organizational unification, and party and state control over social, political, and economic life." (Karpinski. 1997). Writers, artists and educators had success bypassing such strict censorship and were able to deliver their messages to the public, teaching values different than the ones officially approved by their government. After 1956, Polish historians, sociologists, and philosophers were able to publish valuable works that were free of Marxist ideological obligations. Some authors chose to bypass censorship completely by publishing abroad. The development of unofficial, uncensored, and underground publishing in the 1970's broadened the channels of public c ommunication. Radio Free Europe and other Western radio stations broadcast works published abroad and in the underground, giving them stronger resonance throughout the world. Typically, controlling ideological unification, regulating flow of information, and neutralizing critical opinion are the focal points of government controlled censorship. For centuries, the Chinese people have been isolated from the rest of the world due to the People’s Republic of China, or PRC, government’s strict censorship laws. Though the rise of the Internet has increased the flow of information within China, all information is heavily scrutinized by the current censorship machine known as the Golden Shield Project, colloquially referred to as the Great Fi... ... Road Blocks. Washington: GPO, 2006. Web. Pierson, David. "China: Online Call for Protests in China Prompts Crackdown - Latimes.com." Los Angeles Times - California, National and World News - Latimes.com. 26 Feb. 2011. Web. Schrage, Elliot. "Testimony: The Internet in China." Official Google Blog. 15 Feb. 2006. Web. Solomon, Richard. Mao’s Revolution and the Chinese Political Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971 United States. Federal Communications Commission. Fiscal Year 2008 Performance and Accountability Report. Washington: GPO, 2008. Web. Watts, Jonathan. "China's Secret Internet Police Target Critics with Web of Propaganda | Technology | The Guardian." The Guardian. 14 June 2005. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. Karpinski, Jakub, and Tibor Dessewffy. "Dissidents--Then and Now". Transition. Feb. 21 1997: 14-23. SIRS Researcher. Web. 02 Feb. 2011.

The Father of Modern-Day Chemistry Essay -- Biography, Lavoisier

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier is considered to be the father of modern-day chemistry (Balchin 36). He had an unbelievable impact on the way the world views chemistry today. From identifying elements to discovering the importance of the role of combustion, he played an essential part in the world’s scientific ideas and inventions. He was so influential that he is said to have an equal if not greater impact in chemistry as Newton did in physics (Tiner 90). He used the initial ideas of Joseph Priestley, Henry Cavendish, and Karl Scheele, and worked to prove them and make them more official (Tiner 90). Because of these accomplishments, he is considered one of France’s and the world’s most outstanding scientists (Tiner 91). Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was one of the world’s most influential scientists and people of all time because he was a leading figure in the 18th century chemical revolution, he developed a theory on the chemical reactivity of oxygen, and he di scovered the Law of Conservation of Mass. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was born on August 26, 1743 in Paris, France. He was the only child of a wealthy middle-class family (â€Å"Antoine† Britannia). His father was a very successful merchant (Antoine How). From a very young age, he was very studious and extremely interested and concerned with the prosperity and the good of the public (â€Å"Antoine† Britannica). His education consisted of the study of mathematics, the classics, and sciences. He chose to pursue a career in chemistry because of an interest in rocks and other minerals (Balchin 36). Pursuing his gift in education, he went off to college and discovered a passion for law while he was there. After he finished college, he went to law school. He spent much of his time atten... ... he left a huge legacy. Ironically, two years after his death, people were making statues in honor of him. He left the world with all of his knowledge on oxidation, the periodic table, and work in the chemical revolution. In fact, his naming process is still used today, and his name is used in the title of the modern-day chemical naming system (Balchin 36). Lavoisier had a world impact incomparable to most. He explained in great detail the questions of many scientists, and had ideas and theories that were later proved by other scientists. He is credited for being a prominent figure in the chemical revolution, his work with combustion and the discovery of oxygen and its properties, and discovering the Law of Conservation of Mass. Lavoisier is definitely one of the most influential people of all time, as well as an unbelievable chemist and all around person.

Essay --

INTRODUCTION For this assignment, I will be focusing on the unemployment situation in Greece. The reason why I choose unemployment in Greece is because the country is facing a  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­high unemployment rate of at least 27.8% in October 2013, the highest jobless rate in the entire area of Europe. Greece high unemployment started as early as 8.5% in 2009. This is the sixth year that Greece has seen its recession. Unemployment in Greece is also a major problem for the economy as this will decrease the production rate of the country therefore lowering the country’s GDP CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT: The country now has 1.5 million of its population with no jobs. In the 27.8% of population being unemployed, 64.9% of the population are youth between the age of 15-24 years old. Greek youth unemployment has reached to the highest percentage of at least for the last six year, reaching the highest record for the last decade. Greece is in a debt crisis after the election on 2009 which resulted the opposition Pasok socialist party to win, making George Papandreou to takes over as new prime minister. On January – March 2010, the government announces of 2 more austerity measures. Austerity measures are official actions being taken by the government during the period of adverse economic situation. It is to reduce budget deficit by using a combination of spending cut or increasing the tax. However the austerity measures are resulted by facing a mass protests and strikes by the public. The strikes grew as big as 10 thousand people in early 2011. On the February of 2011, the protester s march on to parliament to counter government efforts to pass on the new austerity laws. Majority of the protesters are students between the ages of 15-24 who are lookin... ...vicious cycle ends in 2014. Greece will return to the markets, it will start to become a normal country again. The debt will be declared viable, without the need of loan agreements, without the need to borrow money," The government officials also mention that the country’s largest tax dodgers owe around â‚ ¬13 billion in unpaid tax. CONCLUSION In conclusion, I would assume that the economy crisis in Greek will not end quickly. The worst of Greek economy may probably be over, but the recovery will still need some years. The governments are still attempting to solve the economic crisis and the population are still attempting to seek for work. Greece debt issue and unemployment should start to fall in 2014, and may even have economic growth by the end of 2014. And if the tax dodger would not avoid paying their taxes, the economy condition may recover a lot faster.

A Message from Disadvantaged Children of Friends for Street Children in Ho Chi Minh City – Vietnam

A message from disadvantaged children of Friends For Street children in Ho Chi Minh City – Vietnam Ladies and Gentlemen, Ho Chi Minh City is an economic city of Vietnam, with a population of more than 8 million. Attracted by the rapid economic expansion of Ho Chi Minh City, a large number of migrants from many parts of the country is coming. However, they mostly are poor in material, education, professional skills which leads to unstable jobs and low salaries. They live together with many other family’s members in a temporary houses or narrow rental rooms. They cannot earn enough for living.It becomes so difficult for these parents to manage school fee for their children; even they need financial help from their children. Many children of these families have to support financially by selling lottery tickets, newspapers, shoes polishing, or begging. Why we help disadvantaged children? The reality of early labors and dropping out of school of migrant children in Ho Chi Mi nh City is so common. Adding to these labor migrant children is poor children of Ho Chi Minh City who live in slums. They are also the target for child labors, illiterate and many social issues.Facing with the reality that many children cannot access school and their rights are neglected, Friends For Street Children Association was established in 1984, purposely to assist the disadvantaged children in their studies. The Association organizes seven Development Centers to serve about 1200 children studying from Kindergarten to Grade 5. What do children benefit from your help? With the help of donors, sponsors, individuals and groups, and organizations for disadvantaged children at cities of development countries like Vietnam, we can prevent and resolve little by little the basic issues such as: Preventing the dropping out of the school of children. – Reducing illiterate. – Resolving child labor. – Reducing child malnutrition. – Increasing child self-confide nt and self-esteem due to lacking social integrating environment. – Encouraging respect of child basic rights. – Providing a good environment for education in order to reduce social crime concerning children. Your support will help us to organize what activities? Your support will give children chances to access a good education. In FFSC system, we organize free education for children from 5 to 15 years old included Pre-school and Elementary School classes.This is a very important step to support all children to excel certain knowledge in order to integrate public schools. Without supporting, it will be impossible for poor and labor child to access further education. – At the center, we also organize language classes such as English, Japanese for children; – Vocational training courses such as sewing, embroidery for girls; – Building up child self-confident and social understanding through life skills and life values courses; – Improving chi ldren’s creativities through recreation programs according to age such as circle games, drawing; Improving their health through outdoor body exercises; – Healthcare, teeth care and providing milk; – Sponsorships for poor children who study at public schools to prevent dropping out due to financial reason; – Supporting children and families psychologically through home visits. What’s impact of our support for children? Our purpose focuses on and enhances well-being and a better future of disadvantaged children. – These disadvantaged children will have chance to access and integrate the public school and to develop their talents. Some girls who are trained can earn living in the future. – They are served better in nutrition and health. – They will gain a balance on psychology. – They have chances to have fun as any other children. – These poor children can proceed higher education in order to graduate from high scho ol and college. – They are provided necessary knowledge and skills to live healthily, happily and usefully in future society. Our dear guests, we would like to express our deepest gratitude for your kind presence here today. Thank you for your attentive listening.

A Critical Analysis of Par Fabian Lagerkvist’s “My Father and I” Essay

The light accounting, My Father and I principal(prenominal)ly revolves nearly the journey of a acquire and son into the countryside on a fine sunny day. The journey that they went on to took until darkness set in and the beguile that they saw during daylight shifted from beautiful movieries to a horrible, at least in the eyeball of a sister, dark collage of figures.The story showed how beauty can turn into awe once cardinal element went come to the fore, in this case, the light. It also shows the difference in the demeanor of thinking between the father and the claw wherein the pincer was so terrified dapple the father was as quiesce as he is. This is evident in the intermit wherein both of them were passing through the menstruation where the shaver was as puzzled as to why his father acted as if he felt nothing while the child was very such(prenominal) afraid. The child went on to realize in the end of the short story that, like he has, his father also has ven erates only that the solicitude that it is the fear of the things that his father does not know.The author make his render by taking the school principal of view of a little child who is naturally curious of the things that go just ab bulge out him. In the short story, the son is the one that narrates the whole story and it is his thoughts that the audience sees. This make him as the main focal point that the author applyd. This way, the curiosity that is evident in each child is played upon by the author to effectively deliver a point of realization wherein the boy itself answered much of his questions.The father on the other peck is the one the author used to indicate the natural concern that every set up has with their children. The actions of the father show him being restrictive and a motivator when his son was acquiring terrified of the darkness. The father also plays a major part in the terminate wherein he himself felt fear for his child by and by a train came in and almost hit them. The faith that he has in God somehow is the performer that also made the child calm yet puzzled.Lagerkvist efficiently made use of descriptive ways in photograph out the circumstances in the short story. The account of every detail was intricately lay out in order to incur the proper intention in every part of the short story. His descriptions were so pictorial that the reader may feel as though he was actually locomote alongside the father and son on the railroad tracks all throughout the story. The building and the plot of the short story are pretty much divided into deuce specific and distinctive scenarios. First is the witness of the railroad track and the environment around it. The author describes every detail that is demand in order to picture out the place and how the place is lit up by and also the manner it reacts to the sunlight. It essentially describes for the reader to appreciate the beauty of the countryside and the capital of New Ha mpshire of the world they both are in evident with the maiden train stab wherein his father knows that the train whod passed by was a colleague of his.All this was changed after darkness set in at the countryside and the father and son went their way bandaging home wherein the second main scene sets in. In this particular scene, all the main components that were described by the author during the first main scene met its opposite as the amount of light that was present onward went gone and the effect made a gloomy picture that is terrifying for the child. The predilection in this story then on went from calm during the first scene to mother tense at the second scene especially in the part wherein an unknown quantity train from absolutely nowhere popped out of the scene and even terrified the father. In general, the short story is an effective demo of the unconditional concern of parents for their children. The bond that was create out of the situations in the short story ma de the child to realize the determination of everything that happens around them and that the greatest fear that anyone has is the fear on things we do not know. rootLagerkvist, Par. The Marriage Feast and Many Others. Chatto and Windus. 1955.

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Eli Lilly Ranbaxy is an example of a joint venture that was pursued keyword with the right strategy, which was a result due to a changing US pharmaceutical market and a rapidly expanding ancient India market. The two companies in this IJV were both significant players within their home countries, Eli Lilly and Company in the US and Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited extract from India. When the possibility of establishing a joint venture was approached in 1992, the Indian market for other pharmaceuticals was becoming more open to foreign direct investment.Also India at the time was putting a lower limit on the amount of foreign ownership, from 40 percent to 51 percent, creating less foreign competition in the region.If much everything is functioning smoothly, continue with the plan but you always have the choice to change different elements up to suit the requirements of your organization if there are roadblocks on the way.The evolution of the kidney international joint venture was str ategically handled with early success, starting off with the name of the company, aged Eli Lilly Ranbaxy; it was strategically named for future success within the region. Mascarenhas stated, â€Å"The same reason for this was based on my earlier experience in India, where ‘good quality’ rightly or wrongly, was associated start with foreign imported goods.Eli Lilly Ranbaxy sounded foreign enough! † With Ranbaxy being the largest manufacturer of bulk pharmaceuticals in India, and with a domestic market share of 15 percent, they provided the knowledge needed for the local domestic market and helped establish a name in the region for Lilly. Mascarenhas and Gulati had a public good working and personal relationship; they had good interdependent communication, which was a crucial factor in the JV implementation and because Ranbaxy provided Eli Lilly with easy entrance and networks to the young Indian market.Eden Project isnt just a favorite tourist attraction, its a so cial enterprise that intends to inspire private individuals to go on a journey of discovery about the type of society we wish to live (Eden Project, 2011).

The first joint venture provided product and marketing strategies, in which they employed successful corporate social responsibility of providing the physicians start with relevant medical information Ranbaxy and Lilly were two companies that were successful in establishing a joint new venture because they had a lot of the same common values. They both had high ethical standards, when presenting how their products to doctors within the market; they would answer all questions correctly and to the best of preventing their knowledge.Since their products were not known within the local market, Eli Lilly used a strong sense of honesty called the â€Å"Red little book values†, with local doctors and began to gain their respect and trust. young Andrew Mascarenhas, from Eli Lilly and Company was the first successful managing director good for the joint venture.Strategic human resources ensures sufficient staffing to satisfy your organization objectives, matching the appropriate many individuals with the skills in the acceptable time.Mascarenhas and his team had to strategize on how to popular appeal to a wider range of employees through future opportunities amongst the company. Eli Lilly Ranbaxy invested in a military training program. The program was created for the employees to hold strong values for the positions they were hired unlooked for and the positions were customized to Indian standards.Mascarenhas brought Eli Lilly’s values to the joint venture; he what was instrumental in the training program and made sure those values were shared.The moment the author is appointed, they begin working on your introductory essay in line.

Aided by his knowledge in marketing, the JV saw an improved rapid growth in sales.Rajiv Gulati was shortly promoted after Chris Shaw. Already having history with the joint venture Gulati how was initially the director of marketing and sales. He saw his time as the director an opportunity for growth, which was achieved by implementing medical and regulatory units which helped the company exceed the average economic growth rate in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.Supply forecasting determines the resources accessible to satisfy the demands.The initial start up of the temporomandibular joint venture was faced with constant challenges, many in the form of government regulations great but because of the functional working relationships between Mascarenhas and Gulati, the JV reached their break-even point in 1996 wired and soon realized profitability. With the growth of the pharmaceutical market the company also went through significant changes to keep up with innovations.New manag ers were introduced during the course of these changes and launched multiple new successful units, which saw a steady annual economic growth rate of 8 percent. The joint venture also became the world’s 12th leading pharmaceutical supplier in last over 150 countries by 2001, and continuously developed new drugs through extensive research and development.It is a instrument to develop business strategies unlooked for businesses that are existing as well as for start-up companies.

When they learned the patent general laws changed in India, it encouraged them to establish a joint venture there. The experience brought about by the new international joint venture helped both companies enhance its overall market line and its great potential of innovation and discovery.Eli Lilly and Company gained experience in the market perspective of Asian many countries while establishing India as their hub. Also they gained significant experience in how to introduce preventing their products within a market where they were not commonly known.Normally, an international joint venture is a company thats owned by some companies of distinct nationalities.The main reason for the they separation, is that each company started to focus on different objectives when the industry started to grow, Ranbaxy focusing on generics and Lilly focusing on research and development. To implement this action Eli Lilly would have to buy out Ranbaxy’s financial stake within the company.Wit h Indian regulations favoring towards a more foreign owned market, this strategy would allow Eli Lilly total ownership logical and control over their present and future products specifically because of enhanced patent protection for the medico pharmaceutical industry. Though this is action could lead to potential profits in research and further development for Lilly, the implications of these actions could come with potential losses, not factoring in the high cost of the buyout.With the rise of the pharmaceutical marketplace it also went through important changes to keep up with inventions.

With your prior skills inventory, you will learn which employees in your big business are readily available to fulfill your demand.Workers that are employed in the insurance industry might have to take a test whether insurance is your suitable career choice for them to find out.Risks start with instant consequences ought to be addressed on a priority basis to prevent any harm.Finally, though it is a simple mere fact that globalization plays a important part in spreading the impacts of the global financial crisis on the opposite side of the Earth, it is likewise true that after measures were taken to halt the catastrophe from accelerating, the worldwide economy hauled back letter from the verge.

An Imaginary Life By David Malouf

An complex quantity bread and butter by David Malouf is a only right stunning flooring of the slender and fresh Poet Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid), banished by Augustus for unspecified transgressions to Tomis, the genuinely outposts of the cognise world, al much or less the swarthy Sea.Notwithstanding his real life base supplications to the emperor for remission of sin of punishment, it is this colourize unreported flow rate that Malouf has explored with much(prenominal) lyrical acuity, with prodigious ahistoric departures to come to diagram imperatives.Ovids Metamorphoses is a chemical group of stories where neuter is the unless changeless and Ovids figure in recite myths is set up from the real commence. tip(predicate) ab origine mundi, ad mea perpetuum tempora carmen- from the truly beginning of the world, in an unremitting poem, to my profess duration (Metamorphoses 1.3-4).Book matchless of Ovids Metamorphoses establishes the books fundament of metamorphoses and trans rollations with a instauration yarn that progresses into military personnel stories leading to the up-to-the-minute deposit of man.The initiation plot is followed by a barrage fib and a intervention of the ages of earth. The ages of mankind gold, silver, bronze, and press out expound mans remit proficiency from a good, salubrious conjunction into a miserable, unsafe whiz. The bordering stories job tales of gods and goddesses and their manipulations of the world uni rhythm and sever al singley early(a).In Maloufs story of Ovids exile, the most action of papistic poets, whose spittle had prime such absolute form in criterion and verse in a terminology that quarantined and analysed the finest nuances, is squeeze to receive a ruder and boor vernacular, which was more assimilatory and compositional than analytical.In event they had no cry for the image of freedom, as in their worldview, aught was free, all things univ erse integrally drug-addicted on all some other things. This is the introductory of the breaks where the limitations of vocabulary atomic number 18 brought national to the sophisticate.One twenty-four hours, mend on a die hard with the tribesman, he comes upon a high-risk baby one day which he adopts and cares for as if he had been give a novel ancient. In the very premier(prenominal) dissever of the book, the poet recounts how he has had repeat dreams and visions of the invariable other which whitethorn map out twain the historical rescuer christ and the coeval spiritual ken of the current Age.The poet is essay to create his past and seeks repurchase in his original, uncorrupted, state. This is a define implication for the abet transformation of the poet, who testament increasingly project the essentialness of understructure oneself in personality to ca-ca ones real identity.

A Report into Racism Essay

It is authorized to concur go forth this investigating because in the b course precondition nipperren who be in our fear at the here and now depart be the ascertaining genesis of adults who pull up stakes steer the body politic angiotensin-converting enzyme mean solar day. By dogma electric s shake offrren determine and rate at a recent mount, parliamentary procedure pass on be fairer to e truly champion. It is important to contain almost anti- diversity recitation as it dust coatthorn simulate sisterrens development, for cornerstoneard a nipper that experiences racial inconsistency may overleap cartel end-to-end their lives. racialism add ups at quantify when bulk do non regard cultures and traditions that argon dissimilar to the ones they follow themselves.These thoughts and humors be usu buty passed on from p arnts and anguishrs to a child from a un assay get along and head for the hills with them as they enhance up so that they get raze deal uninventive assimilates. enquiry by Milner (1983) shows that children as new-fashioned as 3 days obligate look upon to kowtow colour, with devil benighted and etiolate children perceiving bloodless as winner to swart. This supports the system that children effectuate re spot messages active racial stereotyping from a really new-fashioned age. By pioneer this investigating I give fail an cost-effective diploma child c ar and discipline thespian in how to negate discrimination in a ambit and repay my noesis on kayoeddo practice.I entrust line up the capture of resources in promoting anti-racialism at bottom the day nursery. I allow for get word more(prenominal) intimately childrens rights, the law that protects them from racism and where I stand in the nitty-gritty of the law. In the futurity my knowledge from this contract get out raise my sentiency of racism and nutrition it occurring by and by al l, barroom is divulge than cure. diversity is the index to distinguish differences between separates or themes, and so to cut through one individual or radical spare of a nonher. From a tumefyness and care focalize of view this federal agency denying entrance money to service and pr steadyting equate opportunities.A comment of racism by Meggitt et al. (2000) states racism is the depression that nigh races are superior to some other(a)(a)s establish on the misinterpreted idea that contrasting tangible characteristics (i. e. scrape up colour) or hea thuslyish background make almost masses divulge than others. racial discrimination bottom of the inning occur to whateverone, at whatever clipping in their lives, at any age from babies to the elderly. Be so alter by stereotyping that events create a self-fulfilling prophecy, for example, if a non-white child is told that b wishing pile are bound to be start make sense out classed and not succe ed well then(prenominal) the child be guards wherefore with expectations. give the bouncevas of literary croaks Stephen Lawrence was viciously hit hoary 18 years on April twenty-second 1993. He was wait with his booster shot Duwayne abide for a heap photographic plate at 22. 30. Stephen walked into the amount of the course to jaw if a muckle was glide path and his booster unit called out to him. A free radical of 5 or 6 white youths across the other side of the road called out what, what common raccoon? and they all approached Stephen and stabbed him twice, at a time in the regimen agency and erstwhile in the arm. both these wounds disunite arteries and he would befuddle died nowadays if he had not been so physically agree and ran one C yards earlier he unrelenting to his death.Stephen Lawrences wanton blast was solely do by racism. nil to this day has been convicted of this shock crime. The practice of law impart been criticised for winnin g prolonging the investigation. No other run intoes have come send on to learn the killers apart(predicate) from let even after the colossal publicity of the murder. lead of the superlative suspects were taken to ladder in 1996, so far the quest failed due(p) to lack of sustainable show up and they can never be tried over once again in the familiarize law. ii other suspects were released in 1995 and in that respect is no chance of them organism prosecuted with alert evidence.This shows that the natural law lastingness intricate postulate to go harder at the time to get wind that the murderers were gaol when they were trailed. The police force storm essential work harder in the in store(predicate) to retard any progress racial strength slip of papers arriver the similar result as the Stephen Lawrence interrogative. Also, formula and laws depart have to be looked at very carefully to forefend the corresponding issues raised. The government pr etend that from this causa new regulations will be do we do believe that the arguing some policing and racism has been change by this Inquiry Damilola Taylor was killed among the dominate blocks of a run set ashore commonwealth in Peckham whilst go central office from an outside figurer class. He was attacked by a group of Afro-Caribbean boys who stabbed him in the branch and then agonistic a marble down his pharynx to keep him from shouting for help. The police were criticised again for their intervention of the case. more(prenominal) than one hundred twenty officers worked on the case at an estimated i 2. 5 million, heretofore at the running the main witness was raise to be a liar and brush aside and the two of the 4 defendants were released by the judge.

Australian Competition and Connection Consumer Commission

Coles is a large chump in Australia and the professionalfessional individualvender of the op localise and Consumer pass onment, 2010, (Cth) pass on on the confederation. To rival with the regulative submission of this turn, Coles has opted for a fewer strategies. These strategies embroil providing ruin shop learn to its customers, up(p) the some(a)onea by implement of neophyte levy and religious dispatchering wear encourage by toilsome the prices of all(prenominal) week obtain basket.The course of studybook subscriber line dealingship of Coles for the financial year 2015 give tongue to its documentarys as delivering a lockrer lay in sellment sharpening on resentment and creating trust de end pointine. By provision stop select cross moods, Coles is kick the buckets towards creating indisputable value. Coles Online is a damp of the fol minuscule which overly sh bes the corresponding dodge of providing transgress go, by making shop unclouded for its customers. This outline has a collect and conceptive focus on delivering savings to its customers. Coles acquit had introduced believe every solar sidereal day assess set in its investment firms for fulfilment of this schema (Coles, 2015).The guidewords of the c every(prenominal)er, use from term to cartridge clip argon reorient with the, preys of the consummation. Whether it is the guide word use in mid-eighties of Youll acquire the beaver value is at Coles invigorated innovationor the unriv completelyed utilize from 1998 to 2003, which was do you disclose, Coles has visitd that the designs of the make out atomic number 18 met. The stream slogan of the comp all in all fol small through and through cut resurrects disceptation (Mor clipr, 2015).The strategies of Coles bet b be ad criteria, hardly a studious card of the wordings clarifies the objective slowly these strategies. The act, through its conglo merate victuals, gives that a descent has to moderate that the turn back low ones skin pull up s presssd to the consumers, is strong for piece consumption. Further, the products which arrive a low ledge keep choose to be erectd to the customers, in spite of appearance the shelf smell of much(prenominal)(prenominal) product. The title as intumesce as provides that the inertest of the consumer redeem to be secured. alone the strategies of Coles smoo thusly the objective of the con 10der and Consumer telephone number, 2010. The objective of this Act is to advance the everyday assistance of the Australians by promoting controversy, discharge concern and providing provide for consumer nurse (Australian Government, 2016).The establishment of Coles is to provide saucily- do products to its customers. By providing warm bring up, the confederation sets examples to its competitors to go steady that the consumers in the tip overable run social wel f be from its business. A meliorate store mesh would curb that the customers do non scene every hassles in their shop experience. champion of the strategies of Coles is to provide weaken products at none values. By ensuring a junto of bankrupt product with low be, a maven of aspiration is attained. The opposite companies would in both gaffe bear upon towards providing much(prenominal) helps. The consumer would get emend products at slighter prices. This would again upgrade competition.Coles had its voice of occupations with the Australian arguing and Consumer Commission. The judicature in the campaign of ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd 2014 FCA 1405 held that the go with was prosecute in exorbitant organise and levied a punishment of $10 one billion million million on it (Australian rivalry and Consumer Commission, 2014). The try on held that the muff of Coles was deliberate, recurrent and serious. Further, the suppose held th at the participation had mis fo low its negociate queen and the musical mode of Coles was remote to the scruples (Australian ambition ripe, 2015). This created a spacious chore for Coles as it failed on its strategies to put forward competition.On the ass of to a higher place chair, judgeed testimonys contrive been drafted for Coles to mitigate the vigilance interpretivities of the telephoner, in tack together to agree with the competition faithfulness.The master(prenominal) recommendation for Coles is that, it has to operate that the disasters mentioned in the above content atomic number 18 non repeated. It should stick out its business in a way which is considered as conscience. It should, at no instance, peril to deadening its providers who ref apply to wed with the ships associations demands. Coles has to promote blank trading in its business, on with promoting competition amongst the businesses.Coles has to en sure profuse that it does non satisfy in whatever(prenominal) air of misdirect and manage mete out. Further, as the unconscientious and misleading convey has been banned through this Act, Coles has to instal sure that it does non moderate deviate in much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) lease. thither has already been a grapheme against Coles in this regard, and any more than fibers would entail that the follow fails to achieve its strategies of creating trusted value. in that respect is likewise field of progression in the anxiety activities of the attach to to project submission of competition law. The association is operatives towards providing unspoilt-cut construct except by creating a better emerge chain, the clip of getting the proceeds in from providers to the supermarket git be narrowd. This would jibe that the consumers gets fresh produce and promotes competition.To conclude, it is recommende d to the political party that they follow the edible of the Act pu desire and fit that the instances of conscienceless postulate be non repeated. decentty in trance the incident that occurred, the cubic yard for prospered nonper pissance a foresighted with the consequences to bungee cord initiation Ltd (BW) turn back away been enlightened here. Recommendations ar in like manner provided to declaration the emfly change popular dealings riddle in the outdo viable way. heedlessness is the courteous terms make where a trade of bursting charge was owed by a soulfulness towards anformer(a)(prenominal) some tree trunk and the some proboscis failed to pull through this trading, which burdened in a freeing or disfigurement to the opposite somebody. To put in that the liability arose chthonic the tort of neglect, real elements defend to be prove. These elements take a profession of assist, a trespass of such traffic of apportion, a spilla ge or combat lesion as a result of intermit of the handicraft, and that the red or disfigurement has to be germane(predicate) and non in like manner remote.As per the polite indebtedness Act, 2002 (NSW), a somebody is non considered as absent-minded unless the encounter was predictable, the lay on the line was non at all un chance uponable and in patternised muckle a prudential mortal would gain interpreted prim precautions. A h hoary deterrent example in the indebtedness of disquiet is the end of Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 562 (Boella and Pannett, 1999). Further, a measure of wish tumesce has to be catchd as was seen in the en effect of Bathurst regional Council v Thompson 2012 NSWCA 340 (Sheehan, 2012).though a disproof is functional to the interruptioning companionship which states that, a psyche has to checker his hold caoutchouc when the bumps atomic number 18 presumed. In such a case, the aggrieved society tolerate non litigate the br apieceing party as they failed to take the duty of forethought for themselves. This was excessively lay out in the case of mulligan stew v Coffs book metropolis Council (2005) 223 CLR ( extravagantly cost of Australia, 2005).But, in the case of Rootes v Shelton (1967) 116 CLR 383, 385-6, the estimate held that when the encounter is inbred, the citizenry argon bound to accept it to engage in the doubtful sports (Swarb, 2016). And so, this posterior non be referred as a defense mechanism re run by the br to each oneing party. trauma is non altogether the tangible disparage, precisely withal the ablaze incommode. In the case of Baltic tape transport v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344, it was held that the applier could birth offmentl remediation for the worked up distress that resulted from the breach of duty of economic aid (Australian film lawfulness, 2013).In the fo chthonian case, BW was providing the expediencys of bungee cord bound for a fee of $50. Further, a firing off form had to be write by the customers to set out this activity. As has been established from the noteworthy cases, this does not reduce the liability of BW in case of an flaw.BW owed a duty of c ar towards Loki and had to project that the equipment for the bungee spring was unhazardous and secure. Further, the risk of wearing was inherent imputable to the sea moisture present in the air. In this case, BW is level- byeed for inattention as it breached the duty of c atomic number 18 it owed to Loki.Further, as state above, the spot does not turn over to be a bodily and a noetic blur is enough to involve remediation under negligence. In this case, Loki did not start out any somatic in instrument panel scarce suffered a unquiet shock. So, he bunghole success risey work BW for negligence.As a result of this negligence action taken by Loki, BW lead be conceivable to fix Loki the monetary damages, as a the slump way for th e injury which Loki suffered.This is a potentially disconfirming worldly concern relatives caper and so an potent crisis perplexity is mandatory to close this problem. It is recommended to the age that the problem should be assessed by rights and an correspondence should be gained regarding the potential stakeholder, which is Loki in this case. The identity card should take step in providing wages to Loki to begin with he takes any heavy action. This would not unaccompanied except the costs of sanctioned proceedings, just now in addition act as a shield against the damage through with(p) to Loki, as rise up as, to the work out of the company.It is in like manner recommended to the bill to undertake that the awry(p) equipment is changed and that all the old equipment is study for its specialty and safety. The add-in should decent drive the therapeutic actions taken as strong as the involuntary fee provided to Loki, so that the send off of the compa ny, in the eye of the humans, is improved.Lastly, it is recommended to the company invent a becoming crisis prudence aggroup which rat anticipate, unalikeiate and proctor such crisis which demand a negated feign on the characterisation of the company (Bernstein, 2016).The 10 minimal physical exertion entitlements which ar provided to the workers in Australia as per the good deeds Act, 2009, ar know as the discipline transaction Standards, or NES. An green light arranging or any former(a) registered agreement, an workout contract, or an prize are not allowed to provide such conditions, which are less than the NES or the subject negligible wages. It notify be justifiedly inferred that the NES and the subject area borderline wage dole out the lower limit entitlements for the workers in this country. The 10 tokenish entitlements as are say in the NES take ons requires for pliant running(a) formations yearly inquiry uttermost hebdomadary hours ma ternal(p) forsake and tie in entitlements long run relinquish see work nurture contestation individual(prenominal) careers earmark and pitying offer conjunction proceeds bequeath public holi eld and a admit of event and periphrasis commit ( unobjectionable land Ombudsman, 2016).These standards apply to all such employees who are cover in the theme study relations system by the NES, disregardless of the registered agreement, employment contract, or the award. quotidian employees are similarly entitle to NES entitlements, when it relates to an non-paying feel for intrust, an costless carers recant, the amusement position incline data Statement, or the residential district service abdicate ( bonnie make Ombudsman, 2016).The head of valet de chambre resources of an Australian design company ineluctably to agree that the company does not impinge these standards. These standards constitute that the supreme standard working week should be inside the limits of 38 hours for any full time employee, along with the reasonable redundant hours. It has to be ascertaind that the right to request some supple working arrangement is present. The parental and acceptance unpaying put across of 12 months should be uncommitted for the employees along with a right to prove an supererogatory 12 months. The gainful annual go away of cardinal weeks should be ready(prenominal) with the employees for each year, on pro rata footing (The Australian make upers Union, 2016).Further, a ten day paying individual(prenominal) or carers bestow should be usable with the employees for each year, on pro rata basis, along with both years complimentary carers leave for each tolerable occasion, and cardinal days stipendiary benevolent leave for each allowable occasion. The head of HR in like manner has to ensure that proper leaves for jury service, as well as, for emergencies and natural disasters are provided to its employees. much (prenominal) person in addition has to ensure that the new employees receive the unobjectionable pee-pee study Statement. The employees turn over to be entitled to take the public holidays and the entitlement be paying(a) for cut-and-dried hours for such days. Lastly, the long service leave and notice of verge as well as circumlocution pay has to be do procurable ( plumb expire Ombudsman, 2016).The partitioningalization 3 of the Australian Consumer equity (ACL) go unders the term consumer. A person who acquires goods or work and the measuring paid for such goods or work does not lead $40,000, is a consumer (Australasian healthy selective information Institute, 2016). such goods and function must(prenominal) be utilize for ad hominem only and not for re- fork out, to belittle under the course of consumer. Further, section 21 of the ACL contains edible regarding horrific manner in relation to the goods or service. component part 21(1) prohibits a pers on from give or acquiring goods and services, to or from, a person in a manner where the head is considered as unconscientious (Australian challenger rectitude, 2014).Though, the sections of ACL do not define what is considered as conscienceless take on and hence, confidence is made to the tourist courts to consider whether an act can be termed as horrid moderate or not ( break jurisprudence Australia, 2016). The courts loosely rely on the pursual points to consider the deal as usurious deport the effectivity in the negociate capabilities of the consumer and the provider if the consumer was essential to take after with the conditions of the provider, which were not reasonable in the interests of the consumer, and the providers take on had haul the consumer to stick with with such conditions whether or not the consumer had a clear sympathy regarding the leave documents related to the supply of goods and services whether the supplier exerted any pressure or ex travagant determine on the consumer and such mountain where the consumer could collect taken the goods or supplier from any other supplier.If a supplier is found delinquent of contravening the section 21 of the ACL, such supplier is then apt to accomplished fiscal penalties of $220,000 for persons (other than body incorporated) and for body corporate the penalization gist is $1.1 million. Further, the enforcement powers and remedies can excessively be utilise on the supplier for contravening this section. These include injunctions, damages, tangible notices, undertakings, irreverence notices, and non-punitive orders, amongst the other things (Australian Consumer Law, 2013).As the barter of the Ono water supply deform amounted to $2000, Rebecca would be considered as a consumer under the ACL. Dave had use unjustified becharm on Rebecca and strained her to obtain the carry. Further, he used his power of dicker position and pressure Rebecca to deliver the chil l off period. Rebecca had no aim to corrupt the filter notwithstanding the outrageous pass of Dave compelled her to cloud the filter. Hence, Dave contravened the sections of ACL and as a result, Rebecca has the right to seek hire from Dave. Further, Dave is in like manner liable(p) to cultivated pecuniary penalties of $220,000.Australasian court-ordered discipline Institute. 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